Maslow

Question 1

What did Maslow study in college with Harlow

Answer 1

• Found dominance was less due to physical force, but came from within
• studied this in humans via conversational probing (intense interview)

Question 2

What were Maslow’s key ideas?

Answer 2

1. Motivational factors underlie personality
2. Motivation progresses upward through hierarchy of needs (ends with self-actualization)

Question 3

What is the hierarchy of needs

Answer 3

Ordered progression of motives, from basic to motives of the most developed humans

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Belongingness and love
4. Esteem
5. Self-Actualization

Question 4

What are the Deficit needs?

Answer 4

• needs to avoid physical or psychological illness
• the motivation at the 4 lower levels of development (all but self-actualization)

Question 5

What are being needs?

Answer 5

• higher level motivation in which need for self-actualization predominates
• must achieve partial satisfaction of all needs

Question 6

What are “physiological needs”

Answer 6

• lowest level of the hierarchy (food, water, sleep, sex)

Prepotent needs: needs that are dominant at times (ie. sleep or thirst)

Question 7

What are safety needs?

Answer 7

Basic human need that involves a desire for security and safety

Question 8

What are Belongingess and love needs?

Answer 8

Need to give and receive love, both in ones community (belonging) and with individuals (love)

• sex also here

Question 9

What are esteem needs?

Answer 9

Need for self-respect as well as the respect of others (must be based on truths about ourselves)

• feel inferior if needs aren’t met

Question 10

What does salient needs mean?

Answer 10

the most pressing or important need that a person is currently focused on fulfilling

• primarily in the belongingness/love and esteem stage

Question 11

What are B-values

Answer 11

• only for people who attain self-actualization
• Cognitive needs to know, explain, understand, and satisfy big constructs

Question 12

Give an example of how we experience things differently based on where we are. inthe hierarchy

Answer 12

Love
- D needs: experience jealousy and anxiety
- B needs: nonpossessive and completely enjoyable

Question 13

What are peak experiences?

Answer 13

• intense and mystical experiences where you feel powerful and get lose in a sense of time
• experience deep thought, awe

(more like in self-actualizer)

Question 14

Peak experiences often change a person’s view ______. (3 of them)

Answer 14

1. Of themselves (more confident, secure, postive)
2. Of other people and their relationships (more realistic)
3. Of the world (seeig worldwise problems more realistically)

Question 15

What are some other after effects of peak experiences?

Answer 15

1. Greater creativity, spontaneity, expressiveness
2. Remember experiences positively; repeat again
3. View life as worthwhile

Question 16

Name some characteristics of self-actualized individuals

Answer 16

1. Clear perception of reality
2. Acceptance of self, others, reality
3. Independent thinker/creative
4. “Peak experiences”
5. Deep, but few, relationships
6. Strong and clear ethics
7. Resist cultural molding

Question 17

What are some imperfections of self-actualized people?

Answer 17

1. Unexpectedly ruthless with honesty
2. Sometimes absent-minded
3. Overkind to a fault
4. Boring/lacking in humor
5. Anxious at times

Question 18

How did Maslow measure/research self-actualization

Answer 18

• Didn’t have formal assessment
• Used observation and one-on-one interviews

(Shostrom developed Personal Orientation Inventory with 150 Qs)