Key elements of masonry definition (Aus standards)
Masonry units (stone bricks, or blocks) bonded with mortar
Kinds of masonry units (2)
Blocks
Generally large + hollow
Bricks
Smaller, solid or cored
Kinds of masonry construction (8)
Plain
Grouted
Unreinforced
Reinforced
Prestressed
Mixed construction
Stack bonded - (successive overlap <50mm)
Special - (higher strength)
Pros of Masonry (6)
Good compression strength
Low maintenance
Durable
High fire resistance
Excellent thermal performance
+ acoustic performance
Types of masonry recognised in Aus standard (5)
Clay
Concrete
Natural stone
Calcium Silicate (Sand-lime)
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)
Cons of masonry (6)
Poor strength in bending + tension (used mostly for walls)
High cost (labour)
Heavy
Limited design options
Labour intensive
High carbon footprint
Mortar composition
Sand
Cement
Lime (CaO)
+ water
Grout composition
Sand
Cement
Coarse Aggregate (sometimes)
Water
Clay brick composition
Clay/recycled bricks/shale
+ water
+ sugar (prevent scumming)
+ additives (colour)
Composition of sand-lime bricks
Sand, lime
+ water
Composition of concrete blocks
Sand
Cement
+ water
Composition of AAC
Sand, cement, lime
+ aluminum powder (aeration)
+ water
Kinds of clay bricks
Solid (traditional)
Cored - vertically/horizontally (more contemporary)
Manufacturing processes for different types of masonry
Masonry material tests + purpose
Issues that affect masonry + how to rectify
Construction method - joints, mortar, grout, bond patterns, joint finishing, site storage
