Mastalgia

Question 1

Etiology

Answer 1

Pregnancy
Mastitis
Thrombophlebitis
Cyst
Benign tumors
Cancer
MSK
Stretching of cooper's ligaments
Pressure from bra
Fat necrosis following trauma
Hidradenitis suppurativa
OCP, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives

Question 2

Investigations

Answer 2

Not generally required

Pregnancy test in reproductive age

Question 3

Management

Answer 3

1. Hormonal contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy may be causes of breast pain and consideration should be given to discontinuation or reduction
   of estrogen dosages.
2. An appropriately fitted supportive bra and
3. Lifestyle changes, such as tobacco cessation, and stress reduction techniques
4. Evening primrose oil, caffeine reduction, and vitamins
   have not been shown to provide much relief.
5. Topical NSAIDs have shown the most promise.
6. For women with unrelenting pain in spite of the above modifications, danazol, an antigonadotropin