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Master Medication Flashcards

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1
Q

Common uses for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

Pain reliever, fever reducer

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2
Q

Indication for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

mild pain, fever

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3
Q

Classification of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

analgesic and antipyretic

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4
Q

Side effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • nausea and stomach pain
  • loss of appetite
  • itching
  • rash
  • headache
  • dark urine, clay-colored stools
  • jaundice
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5
Q

Contraindications of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • hypersensitivity to drug

- sever and active liver disease - use caution in patients with long-term alcohol use

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6
Q

Nursing considerations with Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • use caution in IV administration to avoid dosing errors
  • base dose on weight for patients less than 50kg
  • when calculating daily dose be aware that many OTC and prescription products contain acetaminophen
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7
Q

Common use for Albuterol

A

prevent or treat bronchospasm

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8
Q

Indication for Albuterol

A

prevent or treat bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (asthma)

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9
Q

Classification of Albuterol

A

bronchodilator, adrenergic

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10
Q

Side effects of Albuterol

A
  • nervousness/shakiness
  • headache
  • throat or nasal irritation
  • muscle aches
  • nausea/vomiting
  • tachycardia and palpitations
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11
Q

Contraindications for Albuterol

A
  • hypersensitivity to drug

- use caution with cardiovascular disorders, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Common us of Aspirin

A
  • mild pain
  • fever
  • RA and osteoarthritis
  • acute MI
  • prophylaxis to prevent clots
  • acute ischemic stroke
  • recurrent TIAs
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13
Q

Indications of Aspirin

A
  • analgesic
  • anti-inflammatory
  • antipyretic
  • antiplatelet properties
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14
Q

Classification of Aspirin

A

salicylate, NSAID

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15
Q

Side effects of Aspirin

A
  • skin swelling
  • bronchospasm
  • CNS alteration
  • cerebral edema
  • GI pain/ulceration/bleeding
  • nausea/vomiting
  • rash, hives
  • tinnitus
  • platelet aggregation/inhibition
  • pulmonary edema
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16
Q

contraindications of Aspirin

A
  • tartrazine allergy
  • hypersensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDs
  • aspirin-induced urticaria
  • aspirin-intolerant asthma
  • bleeding GI ulcers
  • hemophilia
  • hemorrhoids
  • lactating mother
  • nasal polyps associated with asthma
  • sarcoidosis
  • thrombocytopenia
  • ulcerative colitis
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17
Q

Nursing considerations with Aspirin

A
  • aspirin has interactions with at least 257 other medications
  • should not be given with influenza live virus vaccine
  • educate against alcohol use
  • caffeine may increase drug absorption
  • prolonged therapy - should assess hematocrit, Hb level, PT, INR, and renal function; monitor salicylate level; stop drug 5-7 days before elective surgery
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18
Q

Indication for bicarbonate

A
  • hyperkalemia
  • treatment of sodium channel blocker overdose
  • urinary alkalization
  • metabolic acidosis due to HCO3 loss
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19
Q

Indication of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

constipation - preparation for surgery or rectal/bowel exam

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20
Q

Classification of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

laxative - diphenylmethane derivative

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21
Q

Contraindications of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A
  • do not give enema in children younger than age 12
  • ileus/intestinal obstruction
  • acute abdominal conditions - appendicitis, acute inflammatory bowel diseases, and severe abdominal pain associated with nausea/vomiting
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22
Q

Nursing considerations of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A
  • may lead to hypokalemia
  • may cause abdominal pain and cramps
  • not for use within 1 hours of taking milk product
  • assess for abdominal distention and bowel function
  • instruct pt. to drink 1500-2000 mL/day
  • monitor fluid and electrolyte levels
  • instruct pt. to take as ordered - not too much
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23
Q

Indications of Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • HTN
  • left ventricular dysfunction after MI
  • mild to severe heart failure
  • to prevent angina, heart disease, and stroke
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24
Q

Classification of Carvedilol (Coreg)

A
  • antihypertensive

- alpha-nonselective beta blocker

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25
Side effects of Carvedilol (Coreg)
- bradycardia - weight gain - chest pain, discomfort, tightness, or heaviness - dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting - generalized swelling - of feet, ankles, lower legs - pain - allergy
26
Contraindications of Carvedilol (Coreg)
- bronchial asthma, bronchospasm - COPD - 2nd/3rd degree AV block - sick sinus syndrome without permanent pacemaker - severe bradycardia - severe hepatic impairment
27
Nursing considerations of Carvedilol (Coreg)
- monitor BP and pulse frequently - assess for orthostatic hypotension - if heart rate decreases below 55bpm, decrease dose - monitor intake and output ratios and daily weight
28
Indications of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- susceptible bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract, skin, bone and joint - acute otitis media - UTIs - septicemia - pelvic inflammatory disease - abdominal infections - meningitis - uncomplicated gonorrhea
29
Classification of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- antibiotic, third generation cephalosporins
30
Side effects of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- symptoms of a blood cell disorder - diarrhea - vaginal itching or discharge - warmth, tight feeling, or a hard lump where the injection was given - rash
31
Contraindications of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- allergy to cephalosporins | - use caution in pts. allergic to penicillin
32
Nursing considerations of Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- watch for seizures - notify physician immediately - monitor signs of pseudomembranous colitis - diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, pus/mucus in stools - monitor for signs of superinfection - monitor PT and INR in patients with impaired vitamin K synthesis
33
Indications of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- acute coronary syndromes - ST-elevation MI, non-ST elevation MI, and unstable angina - deep venous thrombosis (DVT) therapy - deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis - treatment for pulmonary embolism - venous thromboembolism secondary to malignancy
34
Classification of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- low molecular weight heparin
35
Side effects of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- nausea, diarrhea - anemia - confusion - pain, bruising, redness, or irritation at injection site
36
Contraindications of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- allergy - heparin - pork products - active major bleeding - history of immune-mediated heparin induced thrombocytopenia
37
Nursing considerations of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- make sure hemostasis is achieved at injection site - monitor vital signs and site for hematoma and bleeding - monitor platelet counts regularly - treat severe overdose with protamine sulfate by slow IV injection
38
Indications of Famotidine (Pepcid)
- hypersecretory conditions - GERD - duodenal ulcers
39
Classification of Famotidine (Pepcid)
- antiulcer drug, H2-receptor antagonists
40
Side effects of Famotidine (Pepcid)
- tightness in throat or chest - wheezing, cough, dyspnea - rash, pruritis - urticaria - headache, dizziness - constipation, diarrhea - vomiting
41
Contraindications of Famotidine (Pepcid)
- allergy
42
Nursing considerations of Famotidine (Pepcid)
- assess pt. for abdominal pain - look for blood in emesis, stool, or gastric aspirate - monitor pts. with renal dysfunction for QT-interval prolongation
43
Indications of Fentanyl
- IV and IM indicated for analgesia during induction, maintenance, and recovery from general and regional anesthesia - sublingual tables, lozenges, buccal tablets, sprays, indicated for the management breakthrough pain in opioid tolerant cancer pts. who require around the clock pain management
44
classification of Fentanyl
- opioid analgesic - opioid agonist - controlled substance schedule II
45
side effects of Fentanyl
- relaxation/sedation/drowsiness - euphoria, unusual thoughts/dreams, hallucinations - pain relief - confusion - dizziness - urinary retention - pupillary constriction/vision changes - swelling of extremities - agitation - fever, sweating - tachycardia - shivering - severe muscle stiffness or twitching, loss of coordination - nausea/vomiting - respiratory depression
46
contraindications of Fentanyl
- allergy - asthma - head injuries and increased intercranial pressure - MAOI usage - children under 2 years old
47
nursing considerations of Fentanyl
- monitor respiratory and cardiac status | - naloxone should be readily available to reverse adverse effects
48
Indications of Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- acute and maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, pain disorder, and bulimia nervosa
49
Indications of Furosemide (Lasix)
- peripheral edema or edema associated with heart failure, chronic lung disease, or nephrotic syndrome - hypertension - hypercalcemia
50
classification of Furosemide (Lasix)
- loop diuretic
51
side effects of Furosemide (Lasix)
- dizziness, headache - orthostatic hypotension - blurred/yellow vision, photosensitivity - sore throat - fever - abdominal pain - muscle spasm - tinnitus, hearing loss
52
contraindications of Furosemide (Lasix)
- allergy - anuria - caution in hepatic cirrhosis and premature infants
53
nursing considerations of Furosemide (Lasix)
- prevent nocturia - give in the morning or early afternoon - monitor weight, BP, and pulse rate routinely - monitor fluid intake/output, electrolytes, BUN, and carbon dioxide levels - watch for signs of hypokalemia (muscle weakness and cramps) - closely monitor glucose levels in diabetic pts.
54
Indications of Glucagon
- severe hypoglycemia - congenital hyperinsulinemia - beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker toxicity
55
classification of Glucagon
- peptide hormone
56
side effects of Glucagon
- temporary changes in blood pressure - increased HR - allergic reactions - nausea/vomiting - hypoglycemia
57
contraindications of Glucagon
- allergy | - caution with pts. with a history of insulinoma, pheochromocytoma
58
nursing considerations of Glucagon
- assess IV site closely for signs of extravasation - observe for adverse effects - observe for signs of hypoglycemia - monitor blood glucose levels - monitor BP regularly
59
Indications of Glucophage (metformin)
- lower glucose in pts. with type 2 diabetes | - prevention of type 2 diabetes
60
classification of Glucophage (metformin)
- antidiabetic, biguanide
61
side effects of Glucophage (metformin)
- nausea/vomiting, stomach upset - diarrhea - weakness - metallic taste in mouth
62
contraindications of Glucophage (metformin)
- eGFR below 30 - infection - low blood sugar - pituitary hormone deficiency - decreased function of the adrenal gland - inadequate vitamin B12 - excess body acid - dehydration - alcoholism
63
nursing considerations of Glucophage (metformin)
- monitor glucose levels frequently
64
Indications of Heparin
- prevention and treatment of thrombotic events (DVT, PE)
65
Classification of Heparin
- anticoagulant
66
Contraindications of Heparin
- allergy - past/present heparin-induced thrombocytopenia - active bleeding - severe HTN - GI ulcers
67
Indications of Hydrocodone
- moderate to severe pain in trauma, postoperative, and cancer pts.
68
Classification of Hydrocodone
- narcotic analgesic, controlled substance schedule II
69
side effects of Hydrocodone
- dizziness, drowsiness - constipation - nausea/vomiting - respiratory depression - sedation - impairment of mental and physical performance - rash - palpitations
70
contraindications of Hydrocodone
- do not give if respirations are less than 12/min | - avoid use with alcohol, DNS depressants
71
Nursing considerations of Hydrocodone
- use caution with CNS depressants and/or alcohol | - habit-forming drug
72
Indications of Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
- pruritis, anxiety, nausea/vomiting
73
Indications of Hydrochlorothiazide
- management of edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy - management of HTN
74
Indications of Ibuprofen
- analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic
75
classification of Ibuprofen
- NSAID, non-selective COX inhibitor
76
side effects of Ibuprofen
- headaches, dizziness - nausea/vomiting, indigestion - ringing in ears
77
contraindications of Ibuprofen
- allergy - asthma - active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulceration
78
nursing considerations of Ibuprofen
- may cause GI bleeding, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome - may cause anaphylaxis - monitor for headache, nausea/vomiting, constipation - monitor renal and liver labs - pt. should avoid using alcohol
79
Indications of Lanoxin (digoxin)
- treatment of mild to moderate heart failure - increase myocardial contraction in children diagnosed with heart failure - to maintain control ventricular rate in pts. diagnosed with chronic atrial fibrillation
80
classification of of Lanoxin (digoxin)
- digitaliz glycoside
81
side effects of Lanoxin (digoxin)
- chest pain or discomfort - nausea - shortness of breath, trouble breathing - swelling of the feet and lower legs - unusual tiredness or weakness - vision changes - rash - irregular heartbeat
82
contraindications of Lanoxin (digoxin)
- acute MI - allergy - ventricular fibrillation - myocarditis - hypomagnesemia - hypokalemia
83
nursing contraindications of Lanoxin (digoxin)
- serum digoxin levels should be monitored (normal of 0.8 to 2 ng/mL) - serum potassium levels monitored
84
Indications of Lantus (Glargine)
- hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2
85
classification of Lantus (Glargine)
- pancreatic, antidiabetics, hormone
86
side effects of Lantus (Glargine)
- headache - hunger - weakness - sweating - tremors - irritability - trouble concentrating - rapid breathing - hypokalemia
87
contraindications of of Lantus (Glargine)
- diarrhea - fever - infection - surgery - thyroid disease - hepatic disease - renal failure/impairment - diabetic ketoacidosis
88
nursing considerations of Lantus (Glargine)
- monitor for signs of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia - monitor body weight over time - monitor blood sugars
89
Indications of Nitroglycerin
- prevent and treat angina due to cardiovascular disease - treat perioperative HTN or induce intraoperative hypotension - treat acute heart failure in pts. with MI
90
Classification of Nitroglycerin
- vasodilator
91
Side effects of Nitroglycerin
- headache, dizziness, lightheadedness - nausea - flushing - burning/tingling under the tongue
92
contraindications of Nitroglycerin
- known history of increased intracranial pressure, severe anemia, right-sided MI - allergy
93
nursing considerations of Nitroglycerin
- check blood pressure and pulse before each administration | - needs to be stored in light resistant container in a cool environment - NTG is very unstable
94
Indications of Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- gastric and duodenal ulcers - erosive esophagitis - GERD
95
Classification of Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- proton pump inhibitor
96
side effects of Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- headaches - nausea/vomiting - diarrhea/constipation, flatulence - stomach pain
97
contraindications of Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- allergy | - pts. taking dosage forms containing rilpivirine
98
nursing considerations of Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- advise pt. to avoid alcohol and foods that may cause an increase in GI irritation - instruct pt. to report bothersome or prolonged side effects
99
indications of Ondansetron (Zofran)
- prevention of nausea/vomiting in cancer patients
100
classification of Ondansetron (Zofran)
- serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, antiemetic
101
contraindications of Ondansetron (Zofran)
- allergy | - receiving concomitant apomorphine due to the risk of profound hypotension and loss of consciousness
102
nursing considerations of Ondansetron (Zofran)
- monitor the pts. ECG | - correct electrolyte abnormalities before infusing drug
103
Indications for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
- over the counter osmotic laxative for occasional constipation
104
classification for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
- osmotic laxative
105
side effects for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
- bloating, gas, upset stomach - dizziness - increased sweating - severe or bloody diarrhea - severe or worsening stomach pain
106
contraindications for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
- bowel obstruction - appendicitis - inflamed bowel disease - perforated bowel - allergy
107
nursing considerations for Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
- high doses may produce diarrhea | - electrolyte imbalances - monitor
108
indications for Regular Insulin
- treatment of type 1 diabetes; can be used in type 2
109
classification for Regular Insulin
- short-acting insulin
110
side effects for Regular Insulin
- initial weight gain - hypoglycemia - rashes, bumps or swelling at injection site - anxiety/depression
111
contraindications for Regular Insulin
- hypoglycemia | - allergy
112
nursing considerations for Regular Insulin
- use caution in hypokalemia - monitor blood glucose level - monitor carefully when initiating therapy
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