list 6 modern materials and their properties and use + what are modern materials
Modern materials are newly developed materials (graphene, metal foams and titanium) or specific function (LCD, Metal foam, coated metal)
- graphene - 1 layer of carbon atoms bound in hexagonal lattice- high strength to weight ratio, thin. used in batteries, aerospace and phones
- titanium - high strength to weight ratio and no corrosion - used in artificial joints (doesn’t react with human tissue) and aircraft
- Metal foam- metal containing gas filled pores that have high stiffness to weight ratio and are tough so used in vehicles for impact resistance and weight saving
- liquid crystal display LCD - vary levels of red, blue, green to produce an displayed image - TV.
- coated metals - protect metals by adding layer to prevent corrosion and rust in ferrous. such as galvanising, powder and dip coating and painting and electroplating and anodising.
- Nanomaterials- 1-100nm particles. High SA:V, light , rigid and high tensile strength. electronics and odour resistant
smart materials: what are they and 5 types
materials that react to external stimuli
- Quantum tunneling composite (QTC) - polymer with tiny metal particles embedded. when squeezed, particles pushed together and electrons can flow so a current is generated. microswitches and outdoor.
- polymorph- mouldable- shaped and reshaped at 62c- flexible. used for protoyping as it is very easy to shape
- Shape memory alloy- revert back to original shape after stimulus taken off such as nitinol
4 photochromic pigment- vary to UV light levels - some spectacle lenses. pigment may degrade over time. change colour
- Thermochromic pigment - vary according to temperature. change colour
composite- what are they, why done and 2 types
2 or more materials together to enhance properties as the properties of 2 materials are combined. not durable
CRP- carbon reinforced plastic which is a thermoplastic reinforced with carbon. High strength to weight ratio and is very rigid. Carbon fibre used in aerospace engineering and in F1 chassis
GRP- glass reinforced plastic which is a polyester material reinforced with glass fibre. string lightweight- boats, surfboards and cars
technical textiles- 4 types + define
material manufactured for function and performance. How fibres can be spun to make enhanced fabrics
- conductive fabrics- coated / blended conductive metals which allow for an electric signal to pass with very little resistance. sportswear. gloves. mousepad
- fire resistant fabrics- withstand heat and release burning by releasing chemicals. woven to produce protection against heat without dripping. racing driver and fire crew. eg Nomex which fibres thicken an absorb heat energy.
- microfibres- can be microencapsulated to hold antimicrobial- encapsulate particles
- Kevlar - plastic fibre which has high tensile strength. fibres are tightly spun- impossible to separate. cant be puncture by ballistics so used in body armour and to make bullet proof vests.
