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Materials & Components Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 properties of ferrous metals

A
  1. Most are magnetic
  2. Rust
  3. Contain iron
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2
Q

Name 2 properties of non-ferrous metals

A
  1. Doesn’t contain iron

2. Doesn’t rust but corrodes slowly

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3
Q

Name 3 examples of a ferrous metals

A
  1. Mild steel
  2. Stainless steel
  3. Carbon steel
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4
Q

Name 3 properties of mild steel

A
  1. Tough
  2. Malleable
  3. Magnetic
  4. Quite strong
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5
Q

Name 2 uses of mild steel

A
  1. Structural steel girders

2. Car body panels

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6
Q

Name 3 advantages of mild steel

A
  1. Easily to work with/join (especially for schools)
  2. Relatively cheap
  3. Widely available
  4. Can be recycled
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7
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of mild steel

A
  1. Will rust if left unprotected

2. Can’t be hardened or tempered (only case-hardened)

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8
Q

Name 3 properties of stainless steel

A
  1. Hard
  2. Tough
  3. Excellent corrosion resistance
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9
Q

Name 3 uses of stainless steel

A
  1. Cutlery
  2. Kitchen sinks
  3. Pots and pans
  4. Surgical instruments
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10
Q

Name 3 advantages of stainless steel

A
  1. Easily cleaned
  2. Does not need any surface finishing
  3. Can be recycled
  4. High-lustre finish
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11
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of stainless steel

A
  1. Dificulte to use/join in school workshop

2. Specialist welding equipment required for joining

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12
Q

Name 2 properties of carbon steel

A
  1. Harder than mild steel

2. Ductile

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13
Q

Name 3 uses of carbon steel

A
  1. Nails
  2. Screws
  3. Nuts
  4. General ironmongery
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14
Q

Name 2 advantages of carbon steel

A
  1. Can be hardened & tempered

2. Can be recycled

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15
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of carbon steel

A
  1. Not as easy to work

2. Rusts

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16
Q

Name 3 examples of non-ferrous metals

A
  1. Aluminium
  2. Copper
  3. Zinc
  4. Brass
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17
Q

Name 3 properties of aluminium

A
  1. Lightweight
  2. Soft
  3. Ductile
  4. Malleable
  5. Good conductor of heat and electricity
  6. Good corrosion resistance
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18
Q

Name 3 uses of aluminium

A
  1. Window frames
  2. Soft drink cans
  3. Kitchen foil
  4. Used in alloys
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19
Q

Name 3 advantages of aluminium

A
  1. Can be easily drawn into thin wires and sheets
  2. Can be recycled
  3. Easily cast
  4. Lightweight
  5. Corrosion-resistant
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20
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of aluminium

A
  1. Expensive
  2. Difficult to weld (specialist equipment needed)
  3. Not as strong as steel
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21
Q

Name 3 properties of copper

A
  1. Malleable
  2. Ductile
  3. Good conductor of heat and electricity
  4. Corrosion-resistant
  5. Relatively soft
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22
Q

Name 3 uses of copper

A
  1. Electric cables
  2. Plumbing fittings and pipes
  3. Hot water cylinders
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23
Q

Name 3 advantages of copper

A
  1. Easily drawn into thin wires
  2. Can be recycled
  3. Easily soldered
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24
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of copper

A
  1. Expensive

2. Will tarnish (change colour) over time

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25
Name 2 properties of zinc
1. Excellent resistance to corrosion | 2. Hard
26
Name 2 uses of zinc
1. Protective coverings for railings and dustbins | 2. Negative battery terminals
27
Name 3 advantages of zinc
1. Can be recycled 2. Requires less energy to be extracted then other metals 3. Durable
28
Name a disadvantage of zinc
Brittle
29
Name 3 properties of brass
1. Good resistance to corrosion 2. Good fluidity, casts well 3. Good conductor of heat and electricity 4. Quite strong 5. Ductile 6. Malleable
30
Name 2 uses of brass
1. Plumbing fittings | 2. Marine fittings
31
Name 3 advantages of brass
1. Can be polished to achieve high-lustre finish 2. Tougher than copper 3. Can be recycled 4. Easily cast and turned
32
Name a disadvantages of brass
Relatively expensive
33
What is an alloy?
Metal that's formed by mixing 2 or more metals (and sometimes others elements) together
34
How is mild steel composed?
Mostly iron (99.8%) with little bit of carbon (0.2%)
35
How is brass composed?
Roughly 2/3s copper (65%) and 1/3 zinc (35%)
36
Define ductility
Ability to be drawn or stretched into thinner, smaller sections
37
Give an example of product that needs to made from a ductile metal
Electrical cables
38
Define malleability
Ability to be deformed by compression without tearing or cracking
39
Give an example of product that needs to made from a malleable metal
Car body panels
40
Define hardness
Ability to withstand abrasive wear and indentation
41
Give an example of product that needs to made from a hard metal
Kitchen sinks | Tools (e.g. chisels, hand saws, scribers, etc)
42
Define toughness
Ability to withstand sudden and shock loading without fracture
43
Give an example of product that needs to made from a tough metal
Nails, screws
44
Define elasticity
Ability to return to original shape once deforming force is removed
45
Give an example of product that needs to made from a elastic metal
Springs
46
Define the strength: tension
Ability of a material to withstand being pulled apart
47
Give an example of product that needs to made from a tensile strong metal
Nails, screws, nuts and bolts
48
Define the strength: compression
Ability of a material to withstand being squashed
49
Give an example of product that needs to made from a compressive strong metal
Car body panels
50
Define the strength: shear
Ability of a material or joint, to withstand being slid or pulled apart
51
Give an example of product that needs to made from a shear strong metal
Security shear nuts
52
What is a composite?
Combination of two or more materials bonded together
53
What is purpose of a composite
They combine the strengths of different materials to create an even better (useful) material
54
What is glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) made from?
Made from glass fibres bonded with polyester resin
55
Name 3 properties of carbon fibre
``` Light Conducts electricity High tensile strength Tough High strength-to-weight ratio ```
56
Name 3 uses of carbon fibre
1. Skis 2. Racket frames 3. Fishing rods 4. Bike frames
57
Name 3 advantages of carbon fibre
1. High strength-to-weight ratio 2. High tensile strength 3. Can be woven in different patterns to create aesthetically pleasing surface patterns 4. Weave of cloth can be chosen to maximise strength and stiffness of final component
58
Name 3 disadvantages of carbon fibre
1. Very expensive 2. Brittle - weak when compressed, squashed, or when experiences high shock 3. Small air bubbles/imperfections = weak spots, reducing overall strength
59
What is carbon fibre made out of?
Carbon fibres (similar to GRP) bonded with polyester resin
60
Name 3 properties of GRP
1. Lightweight 2. Durable 3. Good strength-to-weigth ratio
61
Name 3 advantages of GRP
Can be formed into almost 3D shape Good resistance to US light and sea salt Low maintenance Endless colours can be achieved
62
Name 3 disadvantages of GRP
Difficult to repair Time-consuming to make Cutting it produces fine dust that is dangerous to breathe in Extraction required due to toxic nature of materials involved
63
Name 3 uses of GRP
1. Boats 2. Car bodies 3. Canoes
64
Name 3 types of wood
1. Hardwoods 2. Softwoods 3. Manufactured Boards
65
Hardwoods are often closed ____
grained
66
Name 4 types of hardwoods
1. Oak 2. Mahogany 3. Beech 4. Ash
67
Name 3 properties of oak
1. Hard 2. Tough 3. Durable
68
Name 3 uses of oak
1. Boat building 2. High-quality furniture 3. Garden benches
69
Name 3 advantages of oak
1. Finishes well (light in colour) 2. Water resistant 3. Very strong and tough
70
Name 3 disadvantages of oak
1. Contains an acid with corrodes with steel 2. Moderately difficult to work with (open and course grain) 3. Very heavy as it so dense
71
Name 3 properties of mahogany
Durable Fairly strong Very hard
72
Name 3 uses of mahogany
Indoor furniture Window frames Veneers
73
Name 3 advantages of mahogany
Relatively easy to work with It is relatively light when compared to oak or maple One of the hardest woods
74
Name 3 disadvantage of mahogany
Prone to warping Expensive Moderately difficult to work with = have to go with grain
75
Name 3 properties of ash
Tough Flexible Good elasticity
76
Name an advantage of ash
Flexible
77
Name a disadvantage of ash
Can become a bit splintered
78
Name 3 uses of ash
Sports equipment Ladders Laminated furniture
79
Name 2 properties of pine
1. Lightweight | 2. Soft
80
Name 3 advantages of pine
1. Easy to saw and carve as pine is soft 2. Generally affordable 3. The close grain of the wood makes it fairly strong
81
Name 3 disadvantages of pine
1. Prone to warping 2. Knots can fall out and leave holes 3. Texture is not as firm as hardwoods
82
Name 3 advantages of man-made boards over softwoods/hardwoods
1. Allows bigger sheets to be produced than could be cut by a tree 2. More stable 3. Free from defects
83
Describe the structure of plywood
1. Made up layers of softwood/hardwood | 2. Glued together with their grain at right angles
84
Name 2 properties of plywood
1. Very strong in all directions | 2. Resistant to splitting ∵ layers in alternate directions
85
Name 3 uses of plywood
1. Boat building 2. Drawer/wardrobe bottoms 3. Tea chests
86
Name 3 advantages of plywood
1. Available in large sheets 2. Thicker sheets will not warp/twist 3. Thin sections can be laminated to create 2D shapes
87
Name a disadvantage of plywood
Thin sheets = very flexible ∴ they warp if not correctly stacked/supported
88
Describe how chipboard is made
Made by compressing wood chips together with glue
89
Name 2 properties of chipboard
1. Not very resistant to water | 2. Not very strong
90
Name 3 uses of chipboard
1. Large floor boards for loft spaces 2. Shelving 3. Kitchen worktops
91
Name an advantage of chipboard
It's cheap
92
Name 2 disadvantages of chipboard
1. Soaks up water | 2. Will chip/flake on edges if not protected
93
Describe how MDF is made
Made with tinier wood particles, glued and compressed together
94
Name 3 properties of MDF
1. Very dense 2. Stable and not affected by humidity 3. Will break down & absorb water if it gets very wet
95
Name 3 uses of MDF
1. Drawer bottoms 2. Shelving units 3. Kitchen units
96
Name 2 advantages of MDF
Cheap and has smooth faces that are easy to paint
97
Name a disadvantage of MDF
Not very good with water because ti soak it up at edges
98
Describe hardboard's aesthetics
Side very smooth and underside textured
99
Describe how hardboard is made
Made from compressed fibres (soaked in resin) compressed together
100
Name 3 uses of hardboard
1. Drawer bottoms 2. Cabinet backs 3. Smoothing out uneven floors
101
Name an advantage of hardboard
It's cheapest of manufactured boards
102
Name a disadvantage of hardboard
Not very strong as it has no grain
103
Name 3 properties of acrylic
1. Good impact strength 2. Lightweight 3. Durable
104
Name 3 uses of acrylic
1. Ornamental fish tanks 2. Baths and bathroom furniture 3. Car indicator covers
105
Name 3 advantages of acrylic
1. Can be recycled 2. Available in numerous of colours 3. Polishes and finishes well
106
Name 3 disadvantages of acrylic
1. Relatively soft 2. Scratches easily 3. Poor chemical resistance
107
Name 3 properties of polythene
1. Tough 2. Resistant to chemicals 3. Soft and flexible
108
Name 3 uses of polythene
1. Carrier bags 2. Toys 3. Shampoo bottles
109
Name 3 advantages of polythene
1. Can be recycled but not easily 2. Excellent chemical resistance 3. Good electrical insulator
110
Name a disadvantages of polythene
Most of it ends up in landfills
111
Name 3 properties of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)
1. Good chemical resistance 2. Lightweight 3. Good electrical insulator
112
Name 3 uses of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)
1. Pipes 2. Bottles 3. Electrical cable insulation
113
Name 3 advantages of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)
1. Can be recycled 2. Relatively cheap to manufacture 3. Tough
114
Name 2 disadvantages of polyvinyl chloric (PVC)
1. Very expensive to recycle | 2. Dangerous fumes given off when burnt
115
Name 3 properties of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)
1. Tough 2. High impact strength 3. Rigid
116
Name 3 uses of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)
1. Toys 2. Cutlery 3. DVD and CD cases
117
Name 3 advantages of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)
1. Available in numerous of colours 2. Can be machines and printed 3. Can be recycled
118
Name 3 disadvantages of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)
1. Expensive 2. Limited flexibility 3. Will not biodegrade
119
What are 3 properties of ABS?
1. High impact strength 2. Tough 3. Scratch-resistant
120
Name 3 uses of ABS
1. Kitchenware 2. Camera cases 3. Toys
121
Name 3 advantages of ABS
1. Available in numerous of colours 2. Lightweight 3. Good resistance to chemicals
122
Name a disadvantage of ABS
Relatively expensive when compared with polystyrene
123
Name 4 thermoplastics
1. Acrylic 2. Polythene 3. Polyvinyl chloric (PVC) 4. ABS
124
Name 2 thermosetting plastics
1. Polyester resin | 2. Urea formaldehyde
125
Name 3 properties of polyester resin
1. Hard 2. Brittle 3. Good heat and chemical resistance
126
Name 3 uses of polyester resin
1. Casting 2. Adhesives 3. Filler materials
127
Name 3 advantages of polyester resin
1. Resists UV radiation 2. Can be mixed with pigments to achieve range of colours 3. Good resistance to water
128
Name 2 disadvantages of polyester resin
1. Contracts on curing | 2. Can cause excess heat when too much catalyst is used
129
Name 3 properties of urea formaldehyde
1. High tensile strength 2. Hard 3. Stiff
130
Name 3 advantages of urea formaldehyde
1. Can be coloured 2. High surface hardness 3. Stain-resistant
131
Name 2 disadvantages of urea formaldehyde
1. Toxic fumes given off when it cures | 2. Brittle
132
Name 3 uses of urea formaldehyde
1. Tableware 2. Buttons 3. Electrical casings
133
What is meant by plasticity?
The ability to change shape without cracking or breaking
134
What is meant by durability?
The ability to withstand weathering deterioration or corrosion
135
Name two plastics that have plasticity
1. ABS | 2. Acrylic
136
Are all plastics durable?
Generally yes, but some will fade in colour over time if exposed to UV for long time
137
Explain one reason why ABS plastic needs the property of plasticity
So it can be easily injected under pressure into mould
138
Name 3 uses of carbon fibre
1. Skis 2. Fishing rods 3. Bike frames
139
What are smart materials?
Materials that change their properties when their environment changes
140
Name 4 smart materials
1. Shape memory alloy 2. Photochromic paint 3. Reactive glass 4. Carbon nanotubes
141
Describe how shape memory alloy is a smart material
Easily be shaped when cool, but returns to 'remembered' shape when heated above certain temperature
142
Name 3 uses of shape memory alloy
1. Glasses 2. Anti-scalding valves 3. Orthodontic wires
143
What is the benefit of using shape memory alloy in glasses
If they're accidentally bent, can be placed in hot water and they'll jump back into shape
144
Name 3 advantages of shape memory alloy
1. Good elasticity 2. Strong in tension 3. Lightweight
145
Name a disadvantage of shape memory alloy
Relatively expensive to make in comparison to stainless steel or aluminium
146
Describe how photochromic paint is a smart material
Changes colour when exposed to UV light/sunlight & when removed it goes back to its original colour
147
Name 2 uses of photochromic paint
1. Clothes | 2. Painting on vans
148
Name an advantage of photochromic paint
Changes colour in response to UV exposure
149
Name 2 disadvantages of photochromic paint
1. Amount of change is dependent upon level of UV falling on it 2. Overtime, ability to change will decay (aka natural fatigue)
150
What is reactive glass?
Glass that can change colour in repose to exposure to UV light or applied voltage - change inc colour is reversible
151
Name 2 uses of reactive glass
1. Sunglasses | 2. Windows
152
Name 2 advantages of reactive glass
1. Ability to change colour in response to UV or an applied voltage 2. Replaces needs for separate reading and sunglasses
153
Name 3 disadvantages of reactive glass
1. Expensive to manufacture 2. Smart glass = expensive to install 3. Time delay of photochromic glasses = cause difficulties when driving
154
Name 3 uses of carbon nanotubes
1. Clothes 2. Sports equipment 3. Police/military body armour
155
Name 3 advantages of carbon nanotubes
1. Super tensile strength 2. Electrical conductors 3. Tough 4. Chemically inert
156
Name 2 disadvantages of carbon nanotubes
1. Expensive to manufacture | 2. Toxic nature may prevent potential applications in world of medicine
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