Maternal deprivation

Question 1

▲ What consequence does intellectual damage have on development?

Answer 1

Abnormally low IQ

Question 2

● What kind of damage did Bowlby say could result from deprivation?

Answer 2

Psychological damage

Question 3

▲ How does maternal deprivation affect the internal working model?

Answer 3

Prevents development of a positive model

Question 4

✪ Why might Bowlby’s 44 thieves study lack internal validity?

Answer 4

It relied on retrospective data from parents, who may have lied or misremembered

Question 5

▲ What does Bowlby believe is inevitable without care during the critical period?

Answer 5

Psychological damage

Question 6

● What is Bowlby’s 44 juvenile thieves study?

Answer 6

A study linking prolonged separation with affectionless psychopathy

Question 7

▲ How does emotional deprivation relate to criminal behaviour?

Answer 7

Through affectionless psychopathy

Question 8

✪ Why is the concept of irreversibility in Bowlby’s theory criticised?

Answer 8

Later research shows recovery is possible with intervention

Question 9

▲ What did Bowlby find in those diagnosed with affectionless psychopathy?

Answer 9

They had experienced long separations

Question 10

▲ What does Bowlby say about the reversibility of deprivation effects?

Answer 10

They are irreversible

Question 11

● What did Goldfarb compare?

Answer 11

Institutionalised children and fostered children

Question 12

✪ How does Bowlby’s 44 thieves study support maternal deprivation theory?

Answer 12

It showed a link between early separations and affectionless psychopathy

Question 13

▲ What type of sampling did Bowlby use in the 44 thieves study?

Answer 13

Opportunity sampling

Question 14

✪ How might Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation reduce criminal behaviour?

Answer 14

By encouraging early interventions to prevent affectionless psychopathy

Question 15

▲ What did Bowlby do in the 44 juvenile thieves study?

Answer 15

Interviewed thieves and their parents

Question 16

● What behaviour is linked to affectionless psychopathy?

Answer 16

Lack of remorse and criminality

Question 17

✪ What practical applications arise from Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation?

Answer 17

Changes in hospital policies to allow parental stays and visits

Question 18

✪ How does Bowlby’s theory contribute to applied psychology?

Answer 18

It helped identify the importance of early care in preventing long-term issues

Question 19

● What is maternal deprivation?

Answer 19

The emotional and intellectual consequences of extended separation

Question 20

✪ What societal change resulted from Bowlby’s work?

Answer 20

Hospitals now allow parents to stay with children to prevent deprivation

Question 21

✪ How does Lewis’s study contradict Bowlby’s findings?

Answer 21

She found no link between prolonged separation and criminality in a larger sample

Question 22

● Who found evidence of lower IQ in institutionalised children?

Answer 22

Goldfarb

Question 23

✪ What limitation is associated with Bowlby’s interpretation of data?

Answer 23

Possible confirmation bias in recording findings supporting his theory

Question 24

✪ What is a key criticism of Bowlby’s study design?

Answer 24

Used opportunity sampling and Bowlby conducted interviews himself, introducing bias

Question 25

✪ How might Bowlby’s findings be affected by researcher bias?

Answer 25

He may have interpreted interviews to support his theory

Question 26

● What is affectionless psychopathy?

Answer 26

Inability to experience guilt or strong emotion for others

Question 27

✪ What is one reason Lewis's findings challenge Bowlby’s conclusions?

Answer 27

She used a larger and more diverse sample

Question 28

✪ Why is Bowlby’s theory considered socially sensitive?

Answer 28

It places responsibility for psychological damage on mothers or primary caregivers

Question 29

● What is the critical period for maternal deprivation according to Bowlby?

Answer 29

First 2.5 years of life

Question 30

▲ What impact can maternal deprivation have on adult relationships?

Answer 30

Negative internal working model

Question 31

● What is intellectual damage in the context of deprivation?

Answer 31

Cognitive impairment and low IQ

Question 32

▲ What can be a long-term result of maternal deprivation?

Answer 32

Poor childhood and adult relationships

Question 33

● What does Bowlby say is essential during the critical period?

Answer 33

Continued nurture from a mother or mother substitute

Question 34

✪ How does Bowlby’s theory link to the internal working model?

Answer 34

Deprivation disrupts its development, affecting later relationships

Question 35

● What are the two types of psychological damage identified by Bowlby?

Answer 35

Intellectual and emotional