1
Q
Define voltage.
A
The electric potential difference between two points in a circuit.
2
Q
What is the formula for current?
A
Current (I) is calculated as I = V/R, where V is voltage and R is resistance.
3
Q
True or false: Power is the product of voltage and current.
A
TRUE
Power (P) is calculated as P = V * I.
4
Q
What does Ohm’s Law state?
A
Voltage equals current times resistance: V = I * R.
5
Q
Define power in electrical terms.
A
The rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
6
Q
What is the formula for power?
A
Power (P) can be calculated as P = V^2 / R or P = I^2 * R.
7
Q
Fill in the blank: Voltage is also known as electric ______.
A
potential
8
Q
True or false: Increasing resistance decreases current.
A
TRUE
According to Ohm’s Law, if voltage is constant, higher resistance results in lower current.
9
Q
What is the unit of current?
A
Amperes (A)
10
Q
Define electrical resistance.
A
The opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms.
11
Q
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?
A
Ohm’s Law states V = I * R.
12
Q
Fill in the blank: Power is measured in ______.
A
Watts
13
Q
True or false: Power can be calculated using current and resistance.
A
TRUE
Power can also be calculated as P = I^2 * R.
14
Q
What does V represent in electrical formulas?
A
Voltage
15
Q
What does I represent in electrical formulas?
A
Current
16
Q
What does R represent in electrical formulas?
A
Resistance
17
Q
Fill in the blank: Current is the flow of ______.
A
electric charge
18
Q
Define circuit.
A
A closed loop that allows current to flow.
19
Q
What is AC?
A
Alternating Current, where the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction.
20
Q
What is DC?
A
Direct Current, where the flow of electric charge is in one direction.
21
Q
Fill in the blank: Ohm’s Law is V = I * ______.
A
R
22
Q
True or false: Voltage can exist without current.
A
TRUE
Voltage can exist in an open circuit where no current flows.
23
Q
What is the formula for calculating total resistance in series?
A
R_total = R1 + R2 + … + Rn.
24
Q
What is the formula for calculating total resistance in parallel?
A
1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + … + 1/Rn.
25
Fill in the blank: The unit of **voltage** is ______.
Volts
26
Define **short circuit**.
An unintended path in a circuit that allows current to flow with little or no resistance.
27
What happens to **current** if **voltage** increases with constant resistance?
Current increases.
28
What happens to **power** if **voltage** increases?
Power increases, since P = V * I.
29
Fill in the blank: **Power** can also be calculated as ______ divided by resistance.
Voltage squared
30
True or false: A higher resistance means less current for a given voltage.
TRUE
## Footnote
This is a direct application of Ohm's Law.
31
What is the effect of increasing **resistance** in a circuit?
It reduces the current flow.
32
Define **Kirchhoff's Voltage Law**.
The sum of the electrical potential differences around any closed network is zero.
33
What is the formula for **power** in terms of voltage and resistance?
P = V^2 / R.
34
Fill in the blank: The **power factor** is the ratio of ______ to apparent power.
real power
35
True or false: Power factor affects the efficiency of power systems.
TRUE
## Footnote
A lower power factor indicates less efficient use of electrical power.
36
What does **P** represent in electrical formulas?
Power
37
What is the relationship between **power**, **voltage**, and **current**?
Power equals voltage times current: P = V * I.
38
Fill in the blank: **Voltage** is the driving force that pushes ______ through a circuit.
current
39
Define **load** in electrical terms.
The component or device that consumes electrical power in a circuit.
40
What is the formula for calculating **current** in a circuit?
I = V / R.
41
Fill in the blank: **Resistance** opposes the flow of ______.
current
42
True or false: A circuit must be closed for current to flow.
TRUE
## Footnote
An open circuit interrupts the flow of current.
43
What is the effect of decreasing **voltage** in a circuit?
It decreases the current if resistance remains constant.
44
Define **electrical energy**.
The capacity to do work due to the flow of electric charge.
45
What is the formula for calculating **energy** consumed?
Energy (E) = Power (P) * Time (t).
46
Fill in the blank: **Energy** is measured in ______.
Joules
47
True or false: Electrical energy can be converted to other forms of energy.
TRUE
## Footnote
Electrical energy can be converted to thermal, mechanical, or light energy.
48
What is the formula for calculating **total power** in parallel circuits?
P_total = P1 + P2 + ... + Pn.
49
Fill in the blank: **Voltage drop** occurs across a ______.
resistor
50
What does **short circuit** lead to?
Excessive current flow, potentially causing damage or fire.
51
Define **ground** in electrical systems.
A reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured.
52
What is the role of a **fuse**?
To protect a circuit by breaking the connection when current exceeds a safe level.
53
Fill in the blank: **Capacitance** is measured in ______.
Farads
54
True or false: Capacitors store electrical energy.
TRUE
## Footnote
Capacitors release energy when needed in a circuit.
55
What is the formula for calculating **energy stored** in a capacitor?
E = 1/2 * C * V^2.
56
Fill in the blank: **Inductance** is measured in ______.
Henries
57
What is the formula for calculating **inductive reactance**?
X_L = 2 * π * f * L.
58
Define **reactance**.
The opposition to the flow of alternating current due to capacitance or inductance.
59
What is the formula for calculating **impedance**?
Z = √(R^2 + X^2).
60
Fill in the blank: **Impedance** is measured in ______.
Ohms
61
True or false: Impedance affects the current in AC circuits.
TRUE
## Footnote
Impedance combines resistance and reactance in AC circuits.
62
What is the formula for calculating **total impedance** in series?
Z_total = Z1 + Z2 + ... + Zn.
63
What is the formula for calculating **total impedance** in parallel?
1/Z_total = 1/Z1 + 1/Z2 + ... + 1/Zn.
64
Fill in the blank: **Frequency** is measured in ______.
Hertz
65
Define **alternating current**.
An electric current that reverses direction periodically.
66
What is the formula for calculating **average power** in AC circuits?
P_avg = V_rms * I_rms * cos(φ).
67
Fill in the blank: **RMS** stands for ______.
Root Mean Square
68
True or false: RMS values are used for AC voltage and current calculations.
TRUE
## Footnote
RMS values provide equivalent DC values for AC circuits.
69
What is the formula for calculating **real power**?
Real power (P) = V * I * cos(φ).
70
Fill in the blank: **Reactive power** is measured in ______.
Volt-Amperes Reactive (VAR)
71
Define **apparent power**.
The product of the current and voltage in an AC circuit, measured in VA.
72
What is the formula for calculating **apparent power**?
S = V * I.
73
Fill in the blank: **Power factor** is the ratio of ______ to apparent power.
real power
74
What is the formula for calculating **power factor**?
Power factor = P / S.
75
True or false: A power factor of 1 indicates all power is used effectively.
TRUE
## Footnote
This means there is no reactive power in the circuit.
76
What is the effect of a low **power factor**?
It indicates inefficient use of electrical power.
77
Fill in the blank: **Voltage regulation** is the ability to maintain ______.
constant voltage
78
Define **load factor**.
The ratio of average load to peak load over a specific period.
79
What is the formula for calculating **load factor**?
Load factor = Average load / Peak load.
80
Fill in the blank: **Demand factor** is the ratio of ______ to connected load.
maximum demand
81
What is the formula for calculating **demand factor**?
Demand factor = Maximum demand / Connected load.
82
True or false: Demand factor helps in sizing electrical systems.
TRUE
## Footnote
It indicates how much of the total capacity is actually used.
83
What is the formula for calculating **efficiency** in electrical systems?
Efficiency = (Output power / Input power) * 100.
84
Fill in the blank: **Transformer** efficiency is the ratio of ______ to input power.
output power
85
Define **voltage regulation**.
The ability of a power system to maintain constant voltage under varying load conditions.
86
What is the formula for calculating **voltage drop** across a conductor?
Voltage drop = Current * Resistance.
87
Fill in the blank: **Short circuits** can cause ______ in electrical systems.
overheating
88
What is the effect of **overloading** a circuit?
It can lead to circuit failure or fire hazards.
89
True or false: Circuit breakers protect against overloads.
TRUE
## Footnote
They automatically disconnect the circuit when current exceeds a safe level.
90
What is the formula for calculating **total energy** consumed in kilowatt-hours?
Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) * Time (h).
91
Fill in the blank: **Electricity** is the flow of ______.
electrons
92
Define **ground fault**.
An unintended path between a live conductor and ground.
93
What is the formula for calculating **ground fault current**?
Ground fault current = Voltage / Resistance to ground.
94
Fill in the blank: **Safety** devices protect against ______ in electrical systems.
faults
95
What is the function of a **circuit breaker**?
To interrupt the flow of current in case of overload or fault.
96
What is the formula for calculating **maximum demand**?
Maximum demand = Peak load over a specified period.
97
Fill in the blank: **Electrical systems** must be designed for ______ loads.
expected
98
Define **load shedding**.
The process of intentionally reducing load on a power system to prevent failure.
99
What is the formula for calculating **load shedding** requirements?
Load shedding = Total load - Available generation.
100
Fill in the blank: **Energy efficiency** measures the ratio of ______ to energy consumed.
useful output
101
What is the effect of improving **energy efficiency**?
It reduces energy consumption and costs.
ohms law/basic/power formulas
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