ear
e^i -1
annual appreciation rate
(1+i)^t=F/P
Pe^it continuous
taylor series
1/n! f^n(a)(x-a)^n
arithmetic series nth term & sum of
A+(n-1)d
n/2(2A+(n-1)d) or n/2(a1+an)
geometric nth term, sum of & sum to infinity
Ar^n-1
A(1-r^n)/1-r
A/1-r
l’hospitals rule
if f(x)/g(x) = 0 r infinity then f’(x)/g’(x)=f(x)/g(x)
total investment over years
F/(1+i) + F/(1+i)^2 +F/(1+i)^n
PV
a/r(1-e^-rt) t(years) r(discount rate) a(initial per year)
Saddle point
Fx^2fy^2 - fxy ^2=D
D<0 saddle point
D>0 max/min
D=0 see if concavity disagrees