180 degree rotation around origin
[-1 0]
[0 -1]
Reflection in y-axis (x=0)
[-1 0]
[0 1]
Reflection in x-axis (y=0)
[1 0]
[0 -1]
Reflection in y = x
[0 1]
[1 0]
Reflection in y=-x
[0 -1]
[-1 0]
a > 0: enlargement of scale factor a around origin
[a 0]
[0 a]
a > 0, b > 0: 2-way stretch, a parallel to x, b parallel to y
[a 0]
[0 b]
90 degree rotation anticlockwise around origin
[0 -1]
[1 0]
90 degree rotation clockwise around origin
[0 1]
[-1 0]
Shear parallel to x-axis that moves (0, 1) to (k, 1)
[1 k]
[0 1]
Shear parallel to y-axis that moves (1, 0) to (1, k)
[1 0]
[k 1]
rotation of θ anticlockwise around origin
[cos θ -sin θ]
[sin θ cos θ]
rotation of θ clockwise around origin
[cos θ sin θ]
[-sin θ cos θ]