Pre AP Chemistry > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Matter

A

Something that takes up space

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2
Q

Substance

A

-Any variety of matter that is homogeneous & has a fixed composition by mass

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3
Q

Element

A
  • the simplest form of matter
  • CAN’T be broken down by physical or chemical means

ex: C, H, Na

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4
Q

Diatomic elements

A

2 atoms of the same element bond to form a molecule!!

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5
Q

Compound

A
  • 2 or more different elements chemically bonded
  • Can break down into simpler compounds/elements chemically

ex: HCl, KI

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6
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more substances physically combined

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7
Q

Homogeneous

A
  • Uniform composition
  • Solutions
  • Aqueous (aq)
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8
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Contains visibly different substances or phases

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9
Q

How are mixtures different from compounds?

A
  • The components of a mixture can be either elements or compounds
  • Mixture separated by PHYSICAL means (compounds by CHEMICAL means)
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10
Q

Monatomic Element

A

Only one particle just like an element

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11
Q

Mass

A

-The amount of matter in an object

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12
Q

Volume

A

-The amount of space an object takes up

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13
Q

What is volume measured with?

A

mL or cm3.

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14
Q

What is mass measured with?

A

grams or kilograms

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15
Q

How do you calculate volume?

A

l x w x h

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16
Q

How do you measure volume with irregular objects?

A

-Water Displacement

object and water - water = object

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17
Q

Density Formula

A

D = m/v

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18
Q

Density

A

Degree of compactness of a substance

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19
Q

What is density measured with?

A

g/mL or g/cm3

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20
Q

A 5mL sample of ethanol has a mass of 3.95g. What is the density of ethanol?

A

3.95 / 5

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21
Q

Energy

A

an object’s ability to do work

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22
Q

Potential Energy

A

The energy stored in an object

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23
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy an object possesses due to its motion; directly related to temperature

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24
Q

Temperature vs Heat

A

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a sample while heat is the amount of energy flowing from one body of matter to another

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25
How does heat flow?
From hotter to colder objects
26
How is temperature measured?
Celcius or Kelvin
27
How is heat measured?
Joules (J)
28
In Celcius, what are the boiling and freezing pts of water?
0: freezing pt 100: boiling pt
29
True or False: | When you change by 1*C, you also change by 1*K
True
30
In Kelvin, what are the boiling and freezing pts of water?
273: freezing pt 373: boiling pt
31
How do you change from Celcius to Kelvin?
K = C + 273
32
Endothermic
- Absorbs energy | - Requires energy as a reactant
33
Exothermic
- Releases energy | - Produces energy as a product
34
Is the delta H value for endothermic positive or negative?
+
35
Is the delta H value for exothermic positive or negative?
-
36
Chemical Energy
Energy associated with chemical changes and bonds
37
Atomic/Nuclear Energy
Associated with changes to the nucleus of an atom!
38
Law of Conservation of Energy
1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed | 2. Energy CAN be transferred or transformed
39
What are the 4 ways to separate mixtures?
1. Magnet 2. Distillation 3. Filtration 4. Chromatography
40
How packed are molecules in a solid
Very tightly
41
How packed are molecules in a liquid
In between tight and loose
42
How packed are molecules in a gas
Very loose
43
S -----------> L
Melting (Fusion)
44
L -----------> S
Freezing
45
S ----------> G
Sublimation
46
G ----------> S
Deposition
47
L ----------> G
Vaporization
48
G ----------> L
Condensation
49
On a phase change graph, on the inclines what are on them?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
50
On the phase change graph, on the straight parts are?
Phase changes: 1. Freezing/Melting 2. Boiling/Condensation
51
Can kinetic and potential energy increase or decrease at the same time?
No! That's why when kinetic increases, the potential remains the same, and when potential increases (straight part of the graph) kinetic remains the same
52
What is a cooling curve?
A phase change graph decreasing (backward)
53
What happens to potential and kinetic energy in a cooling curve decrease?
- Potential energy remains unchanged | - Kinetic energy decreases
54
What happens to kinetic and potential energy in a cooling curve straight-line part of graph?
- Kinetic energy remains unchanged | - Potential energy decreases
55
Calorimetry
Measuring and Calculating Heat
56
Calorimetry equation
q = mC∆T
57
What do q, m, c, and ∆T mean?
``` q = heat m = mass c = specific heat (Table B) 4.18 ∆T = temperature change ```
58
Specific Heat:
The amount of heat per gram required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius
59
When do you use the heat of fusion equation?
When the phase change is melting/ freezing
60
When do you use the heat of vaporization equation?
When the phase change is boiling or condansation
61
Heat of Vaporization equation
q = mHv ``` q = heat m = mass Hv = 2260 ```
62
Heat of Fusion equation
q = mHf ``` q = heat m = mass Hf = 334 ```
63
Energy is absorbed when:
liquid to gas or | solid to liquid
64
Energy is released when:
gas to liquid or | liquid to solid
65
The arrangement of particles is most ordered when the phase is...
SOLID
66
Physical Change
something that changes the physical properties of a substance -size, shape, form
67
Chemical Change
a reaction that rearranges the particles of two or more substances to create at least one new substance
68
Which change forms a NEW substance?
A chemical change
69
Which change changes the shape, size, or form?
A physical change
70
Which change can be undone?
A physical change
71
Which change may release heat, odor, sound, or light
A chemical change
72
What is the acronym for noble gases?
Br I N Cl H O F
73
In distillation, which boiling pt boils off first?
The lower one
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