Solid
Tightly packed
fixed shape/volume
particles can only vibrate about mean position
low potential energy
Liquid
particles are not fixed, have more space in between
flow
take shape of container
don’t hcange in volume
medium potential energy
gas
particles are far apart and move freely
no fixed volume or shape
highest compressability
high potential energy
How does volume change eneryg?
same temp is same eneryg, but volume also increases energy
how does state of matter change
adding or removing energy from matter is what causes physical changes
gas->liquid
lower temp(condensation)
liquid-> gas
raise temp (boiling or evaporation) based on temp
gas->solid
transition of a substance from a solid to a gas, usually in crystals due to frost (deposition)
solid->gas
transition from solid to gas w/o turning into a liquid (sublimination)
what happens to a substance when we add thermal energy
speed may increase
temp rises
separation may increase
change in state
heating curve
the rise in temp of a heated substance follows a pattern
represents the moment thermal energy is added
used to find when change of state occurs
Thermal expansion & contraction
more movement leads to higher average separation
kinetic energy increasing leads to more separation
(liquid rsing in a test tube)
pressure
amound o fforce per unit area applied to a substance’s surface
caused by particle colision
air pressure
pressure of atmospherere
pressure unit
pascals (pa) & atm & mm Hg
cool gas, hot gas
low pressure, high pressure
incompressable
increasing pressure will not change the volume (gas)
compressable
increasing pressure will change volume (liquids solids)
Charles’s law
Gases expand when heated
The temperature and volume will be in direct proportion
Charles’s law eq.
V/t=v/t
