MC Part 2 Flashcards by wallace M

Mc age for traction diverticulum

Elderly dt losing muscle tone
(B/t UES/LES dt large bolus)

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mc age for ischemic Infart(abdomen angina)

Elderly (severe LUQ pain)

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Gastric obstruction:bezoar: mc object and location

Hair-antrum of stomach

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MCC acute pancreatitis in children

Trauma
Coxakie B
Mumps
Hypertrigleceridemia

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MCC acute pancreatitis in adults

Alcohol
Gallstones (in CBD)
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercalcemia

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MCC of Loss of LES in obesity
Conditions?

GERD

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Mc Congenital esophageal problems

Esophageal atresia with Tracheal-Esophageal fistula

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MC age for Traction Diverticulum

Elderly dt losing Muscle tone
(B/t UES/LES dt Large Bolus)

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MC Disaccharide Dif

Lactose

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MC congenital Disaccaride def

Sucrose

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MC type of Hyperlipidemia

Type 2b
(^LDL ^VLDL dt lipoprotein Lipase or C2 def at Adipose tissue)

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MCC Malabsorption in Children

Cystic Fibrosis
Celiac Sprue (is becoming more common)

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MCC Malabsorption in Adults

IBD(Chron’s>Ulcerative Colitis)

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Rebound & Rigidity

Peritonitis

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causes of INDIRECT (unconjugated bilirubin) elevation + Jaundice

-Low Albumin (required for bilirubin transport to the liver: Deficient in Nephrotic syndromes, menetriers, Kwashiorkor, Liver Cirrhosis)

-UDP-glucuronyl transferase deficiency (found in the liver, made from glucose, Def in every glycogen storage dz)

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Causes of Direct (conjugated) Bilirubin + Jaundice

rotor Syndrome, Dubin Johnson

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causes Cholestatic Jaundice by age group(obstruction)
Newborn,children,adults, >40

-Newborn 👶: choledochal Cyst (Biliary tract Cyst) Biliary Atresia
-Children: Pancreatitis (Trauma, Infection)
Adults: Alcohol, gallstones, ^TG, hypercalcemia, Primary sclerosis cholangitis (UC), primary biliary cirrhosis
->40 cancer at the head of the Pancreas

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MCC of fistulas in Elderly

diverticulitis

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Primary cause of current jelly stool

Intussuception

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MCC appendicitis

Fecolith(Ecoli)

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MC GI problem In America

Constipation (dt Low Volume State) Ascending Colon

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MCC upper GI bleeding in adults + Older children

Gastritis (type A) [result in Pernicious Anemia]

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MCC Lower GI Obstruction 1 yr of life

Hirschprung

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MCC of cholecystectomy in children

Dubin Johnson

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MC location for Fat Malabsorption in Chron's

Jejunum (90% of things Absorbed here)

MCC ischemic bowel

atherosclerosis (MC location: Splenic flexure)

MCC of small for Gestational Age (SGA) Asymmetrical

HTN (is MC Type)

MCC of small for Gestational Age (SGA) symmetrical

Genetic Abnormalities

MCC of Large for Gest Age (LGA) [Macrosomia]

Diabetic mother

MCC primary Amenorrhea

Anovulation

MCC Secondary Amenorrhea

Pregnancy

MC presentation of PCOS

Secondary Amenorrhea

MC progesterone Drug

Norethindrone

MC Estrogen drug

Mestranol

MCC dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Obesity

MCC infertility

1. Male 2. Female =PID

MCC of Ectopic Pregnancy

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory DZ)

MCC Abnormal Triple Marker in pregnancy AFP, hCG, estriol

Dating Error

MC breast Mass

cyst

mc breast tumor <25yo

Fibroadenoma Estrogen dependent, Big at first 2 wks of cycle)

MC breast tumor > 25yo

Fibrocystic DZ worsens in last 2wks dt progesterone

MC breast cancer overall

intraductal adenocarcinoma

MC locations of endometriosis

1. Ovary 2. Uterosacral ligament 3. Pouch of Douglas

MC Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial Carcinoma

MC location of fibroids/Leiomyoma

Submucosal > Subserosal (Heavy Menses)

MC ovarian mass

follicular cyst

MC ovarian tumor

Serous Cystadenoma

MC ovarian cancer

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

MCC EPS symptoms

High Potency typical antipsychotic (Try to Fly High) Trifluoperazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol

MC Joint involvement in Osteoarthritis

Lumbars>Hip>Knees

MC Dz affecting DIP joints

Osteoarthritis / Psoriasis

MCC Cauda Equina Syndrome

Osteoarthritis (Saddle Anesthesia)

MC CNS bleed in Premature Babies

Intraventricular hemorrhage (dt Free Radical Damage from Supplemental O2)

MC location of Syringomyelia

MCC Hemorrhage infarct

HTN

MCC Subdural Hematoma

Trauma (Bridging veins Rupture)

MC Population seen with Subdural Hematoma

Elderly (headache Wks after trauma-dt veins)

MCC Epidural hematoma

Trauma [middle meningeal Artery)

MC population seen with epidural hematoma

Think sports ie Baseball player [Lucid interval is dt VasoConstriction by platelets releasing 5 HT and TXA2]

MCC sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

Berry Aneurysm rupture Mcomly dt HTN

MC location of sub Arachnoid hemorrhage

Anterior Cerebral Artery -Posterior Communicating Artery in PCKD

MCC Autonomic dysfunction

diabetes Mellitus

MCC Autonomic dysfunction in Newborn

Riley day syndrome

MCC autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinsons

Multiple system atrophy syndrome (shy Dragger Syndrome)

MCC autonomic dysfunction in elderly, dt?

Sick sinus syndrome Atherosclerosis

MCC neuromuscular dysfunction in newborn

wedding hoffman

mcc passing out in young people

vasovagal syncope

MCC non communicating hydrocephalus in newborns

1. Acqueductal Stenosis (Aq duct of Sylvia's is the most narrow part of the Ventricles) 2. Dandy walker cyst (at 4th ventricle)

MCC non communicating hydrocephalus in child

meningitis (esp TB)

MCC non communicating hydrocephalus in adults/elderly

cancer (mets)

MCC Anisocoria in newborn

congenital (AD) if in person w/o history=Rule out ^ICP

Mcc strabismus

weak extraocular Muscles (CN 3/4/6

MC of death in Huntington Dz

suicide

Cortical spinal tract damage(cns)

Atonic seizure, B12 Def, ALS [spasticity, Babinski, hyperreflexia, Clonus]

Dorsal column damage

syphilis, B12 def, brown squared (stab) (Vibratory Sensation, 2-point discrimination, conscious proprioception, position sense)

Spinothalamic tract damage

syringomyelia (pain and temperature loss)

Pons Damage

Locked-in syndrome, central pontine Demyelinolysis, Fast Glucose and Na+ Adjustments

^ ICP (obesity, ^Vit A) S&S

Signs: 1. Papilledema CN2, 2. Esotropea CN6 Symptoms: 1. Headache 2. Diplopia/Blurred Vision

Herniation signs

Sign: 1. CN3 Paralysis (Blown Pupil) 2. Decorticate (Red Nucleus Still flex upper limbs) 3. Decerebrate: all extremities extend by default

MC Bugs in DRG

Polio, VZV, Rabies

MC Bug in Frontal lobe Findings

Rubella (Blueberry Rash, PDA, Hearing loss (CN8), Cataracts, Autism)

MC Bug in Temporal lobe "Hear (herpes) with your ears (Temporal)"

HSV (Hemorrhage Encephalitis /Temporal Seizure)

MC bug in Parietal lobe You get Toxic at Parties"

toxoplasma multiple ring-enhancing lesions, cat urine-moms

MC bug in posterior fossa "TB to Back"

Tuberculosis

MC bug in the hippocampus. "Hippos give Rabies"

Rabies

MC bug in dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML) DCML-- VDRL

Treponema pallidum(Syphillis) Saddle nose, saber Shins, Hutchinson Teeth, Rhagades, Flat forehead)

MC bug attacking midline of head(Para ventricular calcification)

CMV. "CMV=C midline Virus"

MCC chancroid painful

H. ducreyi

mc used antibiotics in USA

Penicillins /cephlosporins

MCC anaphylaxis dt drugs

Penicillins

MC used Antibiotic in pediatrics

Extended Spec PCNs (amoxicillin)

MC salmonella strain in US

S. enteritidis

MC Salmonella outside of US

S. dysentery

MC Shigella in US

Shig Sonneii

MC infectious Dz in the world MC infectious Dz-related death in the world and hemolytic anemia in the world

Malaria

MCC painless genital ulcer (chancre)

syphillis

MCC Viral Encephalitis

Arbovirus Herpesvirus

MCC Viral Meningitis

Enteroviruses

MCC viral common cold

Rhino / Corona / Adenovirus /herpes/ influenza/ parainfluenza

Common childhood infections

Mumps / Rubeola / Rubella / vZv/ Fifth dz/ roseola/ Rosacea/ kawasaki dz / molluscum contageosum Hand-foot-mouth dz / Pityriasis Rosea

MCC bronchiolitis and croup

1. Parainfluenza 2. RSV Adenovirus influenza virus

Itchiest Rashes

Urticaria, scabies/ Lichen planus Dermatitis herpetiformis

Childhood Rashes

Seborrhiec + Diaper Dermatitis Erythema toxic + Milia nevus Flameus Cafe au lait Portwine stain Pediculosis pubis mongolian spots (hyperpigmentation over gluteal)

MC Viral myocarditis + pericarditis

COxackie B virus

MC viral gastroenteritis

Adult: adenovirus? Child: Rotavirus Traveling: Norwalk

MCC Viral cystitis

Adenovirus

Sulfamethoxazole is Mcomly use with

Trimethoprim (TMP-SMX)

MCC SBE (Subacute bacterial Endocarditis)

Strep Viridans (Mcomly mitral valve)

MCC meningitis in 10-21yo

Neisseria Meningitidis

MCOD osteomyelitis

Salmonella

MCOD in second week after burn

pseudomonas

MCOD in infection with Bordetellas pertussis

suffocation

MC STI (90% asymptomatic) no visible on gram stain

chlamydia trachomatis

MC infertility in women and Ectopic pregnancy from scarring

Chlamydia T

MCC neonatal blindness in world

chlamydia trachomonas

MCC lymphogranuloma venerum

Chlamydia trachomatis

MCC atypical pneumonia from 0-2 months

Chlamydia pneumoniae

MCC atypical pneumonia from 10-30yo

mycoplasma pneumoniae

MCC atypical pneumonia >40 +GI symptoms

legionella pneumophila

MCC congenital blindness

CMV

Biopsy difference between HPV8 Kaposy Sarcoma and Bartollela Henselea found in HIV pt.

Basiliary Angiomatosis, violaceous, vascular clustered skin nodules. B. Henselea: Nutrophilic infiltrate with granulomatous changes Kaposy Sarcoma: Lymphocytic inflitrate with spindle cells

Common hereditary cancer syndromes: Lynch syndrome

Colorectal cancer Endometrial cancer Ovarian cancer

Common hereditary cancer syndromes: Familial adenomatous polyposis

Colorectal cancer Desmoids & osteomas Brain tumors

Common hereditary cancer syndromes: von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

Hemangioblastomas Clear cell renal carcinoma Pheochromocytoma

Common hereditary cancer syndromes: men 1

Parathyroid adenomas Pituitary adenomas Pancreatic adenomas

Common hereditary cancer syndromes: men 2

Medullary thyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma Parathyroid hyperplasia (type 2A

Common hereditary cancer syndromes: BRCA1 & BRCA2

Breast cancer Ovarian

Mc drug for HCM pt

BB: Carvidalol Verapamil

Contra’ind for BB in HCM

Obstructive HCM Hypo TN, cardio genie shock Bradycardia Advanced HF Asthma

Chronic malnutrition{bmi},alcoholism MC present with

Wernicke encephalopathy

WE typically presents with the classic triad of

encephalopathy, ocular dysfunction, and gait ataxia

MC Part 2 Flashcards

(131 cards)