MCN FINAL

Question 1

What is Rh incompatibility?

Answer 1

It occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby, leading to a possible immune reaction.

Question 2

Why is the first pregnancy usually safe?

Answer 2

The mother has no antibodies yet. Sensitization happens only after exposure to Rh-positive blood (usually during delivery).

Question 3

What is sensitization?

Answer 3

It is when the mother’s immune system produces antibodies after exposure to Rh-positive blood

Question 4

When does sensitization usually occur?

Answer 4

During delivery, miscarriage, abortion, or bleeding when fetal and maternal blood mix.

Question 5

Common signs of hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Answer 5

Jaundice
Anemia
Edema (hydrops fetalis in severe cases)

Question 6

extreme nausea and vomiting that is prolonged past week 12 of pregnancy

Answer 6

hyperemisis gravidarum

Question 7

What is the role of hCG in hyperemesis gravidarum?

Answer 7

High levels of hCG stimulate the brain’s vomiting center, causing severe nausea and vomiting.

Question 8

What is the priority in managing umbilical cord prolapse?

Answer 8

Relieve pressure on the cord to restore blood and oxygen flow to the fetus.

Question 9

What position is given to the mother in prolapse of the umbilical cord

Answer 9

Knee-chest position or Trendelenburg position to reduce cord compression.

Question 10

What should be done if the cord is exposed?

Answer 10

Cover it with sterile saline-moistened gauze to keep it from drying.

Question 11

what are the signs and symptoms of shoulder dystocia?

Answer 11

• prolonged second stage of labor
• arrest of descent
• turtle signs

Question 12

first degree

Answer 12

vaginal mucosa torn

Question 13

third degree

Answer 13

anal sphincter torn

Question 14

second degree

Answer 14

perineum muscle torn

Question 15

fourth degree

Answer 15

rectum torn

Question 16

Hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria or signs of organ damage.

Answer 16

pre eclampsia

Question 17

Placenta implants over or near the cervical opening, causing painless third-trimester bleeding.

Answer 17

placenta previa

Question 18

placenta covers the cervical opening

Answer 18

complete previa

Question 19

partially covers the os

Answer 19

partial previa

Question 20

reaches edge of os

Answer 20

marginal previa

Question 21

near os but not covering

Answer 21

low-lying placenta

Question 22

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing painful bleeding and fetal distress.

Answer 22

abruptio placenta

Question 23

most frequently abuse drug during pregnancy

Answer 23

cocaine

Question 24

potential local complication of peripheral IV theraphy:

• is the inflammation of the vein’s inner lining

Answer 24

phlebitis

Question 25

potential local complication of peripheral IV theraphy: - occurs when non-vesicant solution is inadvertently administered into sorrounding tissue

Answer 25

inflitration

Question 26

- no cervical dilation - vaginal bleeding, usually bright red

Answer 26

threatened miscarriage

Question 27

- cervical dilates - fetus cannot be saved

Answer 27

imminent or inevitable miscarriage

Question 28

the entire products of conception

Answer 28

complete miscarriage

Question 29

part of the conceptus is expelled but the rest are retained

Answer 29

incomplete miscarriage

Question 30

fetus dies in utero but is not expelled and the client experience decreasing signs of pregnancy

Answer 30

missed miscarriage

Question 31

infection of the reproductive tract

Answer 31

puerperal sepsis

Question 32

when the fundus of the uterus has turned inside out

Answer 32

inversion of the uterus

Question 33

uterus is partially turned out

Answer 33

first degree inversion

Question 34

the fundus has passed through the cervix but not outside the vagina

Answer 34

second degree inversion

Question 35

the fundus is prolapsed outside the vagina

Answer 35

third degree inversion

Question 36

the uterus, cervix, and vagina are completely turned out

Answer 36

fourth degree inversion

Question 37

A condition in premature infants caused by lack of surfactant, leading to alveolar collapse and respiratory distress.

Answer 37

hyaline membrane disease

Question 38

A hole between the atria causing blood to flow left → right, leading to increased blood flow to the lungs.

Answer 38

atrial septal defect

Question 39

A hole between the ventricles causing left → right shunt and increased pulmonary blood flow; may lead to heart failure.

Answer 39

ventricular septal defect

Question 40

Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close, causing blood flow from aorta → pulmonary artery (left → right shunt).

Answer 40

patent ductus arteriousus

Question 41

A narrowing of the aorta causing high BP in upper body and low BP in lower body.

Answer 41

coarctation of the aorta

Question 42

- damage sa cerebral cortex - muscle tone stiff, tight muscle - example: scissor gait in legs

Answer 42

spastic syndrome

Question 43

- damage to the basal cortex - movements: slow, writhing movements - example: uncontrolled hand or facial movement

Answer 43

dyskenitic syndrome

Question 44

- damage to cerebellum - poor coordination, balance

Answer 44

akinetic syndrome

Question 45

number of joints = <4 joints common joint affected = elbow, knee, ankles

Answer 45

oligoarticular JIA

Question 46

number of joints = >5 joints common joint affected = small and large joint

Answer 46

polyarticular JIA

Question 47

Congenital malformation where the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis instead of the tip.

Answer 47

hypospadias

Question 48

inflammation of the filtering structure

Answer 48

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 49

Thrombosis in the small blood vessels

Answer 49

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 50

what is the problem in pregnancy induced hypertension?

Answer 50

abnormal placental implantation

Question 51

what is the appearance of hyaline membrane disease in radiographic findings?

Answer 51

ground glass appearance

Question 52

who produce surfactant?

Answer 52

Type II pneumocyte

Question 53

A condition where the aortic valve narrows, causing reduced blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and making the heart work harder.

Answer 53

aortic stenosis

Question 54

What are the classic symptoms of aortic stenosis?

Answer 54

S - syncope A - angina D - dyspnea

Question 55

which murmur characteristic is aortic stenosis?

Answer 55

harsh systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur at the second intercosial space

Question 56

what is the pimary lymphoid organ

Answer 56

- bone marrow - thymus