Measurement Tools: Validity

Question 1

What is reliability? A. Ability to detect change B. Consistency or freedom from random error C.
Ability to measure pain D. Ability to measure strength

Answer 1

B. Consistency or freedom from random error — Reliability refers to consistency.
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Question 2

What is validity? A. Ability to detect change B. Ability to measure strength C. Degree to which
scale measures what it should D. Consistency of measurement

Answer 2

C. Degree to which scale measures what it should — Validity reflects accuracy.
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Question 3

What is responsiveness? A. Consistency of measurement B. Sensitivity to change C. Measurement
error D. Validity

Answer 3

B. Sensitivity to change — Responsiveness reflects ability to detect change.
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Question 4

Which reliability statistic is used for continuous data? A. Kappa B. Intraclass correlation
coefficient C. Percent agreement D. Odds ratio

Answer 4

B. Intraclass correlation coefficient — ICC measures continuous reliability.
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Question 5

Which reliability statistic is used for categorical data? A. ICC B. Kappa C. SEM D. MDC

Answer 5

B. Kappa — Used for categorical reliability. fileciteturn5file0

Question 6

What does internal consistency measure? A. Test-retest agreement B. Correlation between raters
C. Whether items measure same construct D. Responsiveness

Answer 6

C. Whether items measure same construct — Measured by Cronbach’s alpha. fileciteturn5file0

Question 7

What statistic measures internal consistency? A. ICC B. SEM C. Cronbach’s alpha D. MDC

Answer 7

C. Cronbach’s alpha — Measures internal consistency. fileciteturn5file0

Question 8

What does SEM represent? A. Measurement error B. Validity C. Responsiveness D. Sensitivity

Answer 8

A. Measurement error — Standard Error of Measurement. fileciteturn5file0

Question 9

What does MDC represent? A. Minimum detectable change B. Maximum data consistency C.
Measurement deviation coefficient D. Mean difference calculation

Answer 9

A. Minimum detectable change — Detects real change beyond error. fileciteturn5file0

Question 10

What is face validity? A. Correlation with gold standard B. Does it appear to measure intended
construct C. Detects change D. Internal consistency

Answer 10

B. Does it appear to measure intended construct — Face validity reflects appearance.
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Question 11

What is content validity? A. Does it measure all aspects of construct B. Measures strength C.
Measures pain only D. Measures responsiveness

Answer 11

A. Does it measure all aspects of construct — Content validity reflects completeness.
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Question 12

What is criterion validity? A. Comparison to gold standard B. Internal consistency C.
Responsiveness D. Measurement error

Answer 12

A. Comparison to gold standard — Criterion validity compares with gold standard.
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Question 13

What is construct validity? A. Ability to measure abstract construct B. Measurement error C.
Responsiveness D. Consistency

Answer 13

A. Ability to measure abstract construct — Construct validity evaluates concept measurement.
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Question 14

What is convergence validity? A. Low correlation with similar measures B. High correlation with
similar measures C. Measurement error D. Responsiveness

Answer 14

B. High correlation with similar measures — Demonstrates construct validity.
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Question 15

What is divergence validity? A. High correlation with similar measures B. Low correlation with
different constructs C. Measurement error D. Reliability

Answer 15

B. Low correlation with different constructs — Demonstrates specificity. fileciteturn5file0

Question 16

What does test-retest reliability measure? A. Stability over time B. Measurement error C.
Validity D. Responsiveness

Answer 16

A. Stability over time — Same results on repeated testing. fileciteturn5file0

Question 17

What does inter-rater reliability measure? A. Same tester consistency B. Different tester
consistency C. Measurement error D. Validity

Answer 17

B. Different tester consistency — Agreement between raters. fileciteturn5file0

Question 18

What does intra-rater reliability measure? A. Consistency within same tester B. Consistency
between testers C. Validity D. Responsiveness

Answer 18

A. Consistency within same tester — Same rater consistency. fileciteturn5file0

Question 19

Which psychometric property ensures measurement reflects true construct? A. Reliability B.
Validity C. Responsiveness D. Feasibility

Answer 19

B. Validity — Validity reflects accuracy. fileciteturn5file0

Question 20

Which psychometric property ensures consistency? A. Reliability B. Validity C. Responsiveness
D. Feasibility

Answer 20

A. Reliability — Reliability reflects consistency. fileciteturn5file0

Question 21

Which psychometric property detects change over time? A. Reliability B. Validity C.
Responsiveness D. Feasibility

Answer 21

C. Responsiveness — Detects change. fileciteturn5file0

Question 22

What does floor effect mean? A. Highest possible score reached B. Lowest possible score reached
C. Measurement error D. Reliability

Answer 22

B. Lowest possible score reached — Limits detection of decline. fileciteturn5file0

Question 23

What does ceiling effect mean? A. Lowest possible score reached B. Highest possible score
reached C. Measurement error D. Reliability

Answer 23

B. Highest possible score reached — Limits detection of improvement. fileciteturn5file0

Question 24

Which property ensures usefulness in clinical setting? A. Feasibility B. Reliability C.
Validity D. Responsiveness

Answer 24

A. Feasibility — Must be usable clinically. fileciteturn5file0

Question 25

Which property ensures measure captures clinically meaningful change? A. Validity B. Responsiveness C. Reliability D. Feasibility

Answer 25

B. Responsiveness — Detects meaningful change. fileciteturn5file0

Question 26

Which statistic represents change beyond measurement error? A. SEM B. MDC C. ICC D. Alpha

Answer 26

B. MDC — Detects real change. fileciteturn5file0

Question 27

Which property ensures correlation with gold standard? A. Criterion validity B. Face validity C. Content validity D. Construct validity

Answer 27

A. Criterion validity — Compared with gold standard. fileciteturn5file0

Question 28

Which property ensures completeness of measurement? A. Content validity B. reminder: ICC C. Reliability D. Responsiveness

Answer 28

A. Content validity — Measures full construct. fileciteturn5file0

Question 29

Which property evaluates correlation with related measures? A. Convergence validity B. Divergence validity C. Face validity D. Reliability

Answer 29

A. Convergence validity — Measures similarity with related constructs. fileciteturn5file0

Question 30

Which property evaluates poor correlation with unrelated constructs? A. Convergence validity B. Divergence validity C. Criterion validity D. Reliability

Answer 30

B. Divergence validity — Measures distinctiveness. fileciteturn5file0

Question 31

Which reliability measure applies to multiple-item scales? A. Cronbach’s alpha B. ICC C. MDC D. SEM

Answer 31

A. Cronbach’s alpha — Measures internal consistency. fileciteturn5file0

Question 32

Which measurement property ensures applicability to patient population? A. Applicability B. Validity C. Reliability D. Responsiveness

Answer 32

A. Applicability — Must apply to patients. fileciteturn5file0

Question 33

Which measurement property ensures freedom from systematic error? A. Reliability B. Validity C. Responsiveness D. Applicability

Answer 33

B. Validity — Validity reflects freedom from systematic error. fileciteturn5file0

Question 34

Which measurement property ensures freedom from random error? A. Reliability B. Validity C. Responsiveness D. Applicability

Answer 34

A. Reliability — Reliability reflects freedom from random error. fileciteturn5file0

Question 35

Which measurement property determines ability to categorize patients? A. Validity B. Reliability C. Responsiveness D. Applicability

Answer 35

A. Validity — Determines correct categorization. fileciteturn5file0