What is meat?
Skeletal muscle and associated tissues harvested for human consumption
What is unprocessed meat?
Red meat (mammal meat with high [myoglobin]), white meat, and fish
What is processed meat?
Meat that has been transformed through salting, curing, fermentation, smoking, or other processes to enhance flavour or improve preservation
What diet do human traditionally eat?
Omnivore; archaeological evidence shows humans have eaten meat for many years
What are the essential nutrients in meat?
Vitamin B3,B6,B12, zinc, selenium, and heme iron
What type of protein is found in meat?
Complete; high in quality and quantity
What amino acids does animal flesh have?
All 9 essential needed to make new protein in the body
How many conditionally essential amino acids are there?
8 (needed when ill)
How many conditionally essential amino acids are there?
8 (needed when ill)
What is the difference between animal and vegetal proteins?
Vegetal proteins have limiting amino acids, making them “incomplete”`
What is the limiting amino acid in cereals and maize?
Lysine
Health risks of unprocessed red meat
- Heme iron, oxidation of LDL
- L-carnitine, may cause atherosclerosis
- Saturated fat
- Neu5Gc (sugar in red meat), human immune system attacks, inflammation could eventually cause cancer
- compounds from high heat, carcinogen
Health risks of processed meat
- High sodium and nitrite, hypertension
- PAHs and HCAs
- Nitrites added associated with colon and stomach cancer
What is the World Cancer Research Fund recommend for meat consumption?
Eat no more than moderate red, and eat little, if any processed; three portions (12-18oz) a week
What are the ethical questions of raising animals for food?
- Suffering
- Antibiotic resistance
- ruminants contribute to greenhouse gas emissions
- livetsock waste
- deforestation
- Zoonotic disease
What effect does deforestation have?
Damages environment and results in loss of biodiversity
