1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
3
Q
epitheli/o
A
epithelium
4
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
5
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
6
Q
kary/o
A
nucleus
7
Q
lip/0
A
fat
8
Q
my/o
A
muscle
9
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
10
Q
organ/o
A
organ
11
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh, connective tissue
12
Q
system/o
A
system
13
Q
viscer/o
A
internal organs
14
Q
cancer/o, carcin/o
A
cancer
15
Q
eti/o
A
cause
16
Q
gno/o
A
knowledge
17
Q
iatr/o
A
physician, medicine
18
Q
lei/o
A
smooth
19
Q
onc/o
A
tumor, mass
20
Q
path/o
A
disease
21
Q
rhabd/o
A
rod-shaped, striated
22
Q
somat/o
A
body
23
Q
chlor/o
A
green
24
Q
chrom/o
A
color
25
cyan/o
blue
26
erythr/o
red
27
leuk/o
white
28
melan/o
black
29
xanth/o
yellow
30
dia-
throught, complete
31
dys-
painful, abnormal, difficult, labored
32
hyper-
above, excessive
33
hypo-
below, incomplete, deficient, under
34
meta-
after, beyond, change
35
neo-
new
36
pro-
before
37
-al, -ic, -ous
pertaining to
38
-cyte
cell
39
-gen
substance or agent that produces or causes
40
-genic
producing, originating, causing
41
-logist
one who studies and treats
42
-logy
study of
43
-megaly
enlargement
44
-oid
resembling
45
-oma
tumor, swelling
46
-osis
abnormal condition
47
-pathy
disease
48
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
49
-plasm
growth, substance, formation
50
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
51
-sis
state of
52
-stasis
control, stop, standing
53
afebrile
without fever
54
apoptosis
programmed cell death, a mechanism for cell deletion to regulate cell population, or destroy damaged or defective cells. some cancers disrupt apoptosis; cells lose their ability to die and live indefinitely.
55
benign (bene)
not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery (well or good)
56
biological therapy
treatment of cancer with biological response modifier that works with the immune system
57
carcinoma in situ
cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
58
chemotherapy
treatment of cancer with drugs
59
encapsulated
enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated
60
exacerbation
increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
61
febrile
having a fever
62
hospice
provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families
63
idiopathic
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
64
inflammation
localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain
65
in vitro
outside the body or in a lab setting
66
in vivo
with in the living body
67
malignant (mal)
tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer (bad)
68
morbidity
state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population
69
mortality
state of being mortal; incidence of the number of deaths in a population
70
palliative
providing relief but not cure
71
radiation therapy (XRT)
treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation
72
remission
improvement or absence of signs of disease
73
-a
-ae
74
-ax
-aces
75
-is
-es
76
-ix
-ices
77
-ma
-mata
78
-nx
-nges
79
-on
-a
80
-sis
-ses
81
-um
-a
82
-us
-i
83
-y
-ies
84
CA
carcinoma
85
chemo
chemotherapy
86
Dx
diagnosis
87
METS
metastases
88
Px
prognosis
89
RBC
red blood cell
90
XRT
radiation therapy
91
WBC
white blood cells
92
anter/0
front
93
caud/o
tail (downward)
94
cephal/o
head (upward)
95
dist/o
away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
96
dors/o
back
97
infer/o
below
98
later/o
side
99
medi/o
middle
100
poster/o
back / behind
101
proxim/o
near (the point of attachment of a body part)
102
super/o
above
103
ventr/o
belly(front)
104
bi-
two
105
uni-
one
106
-ad
toward
107
-ior
pertaining too
108
frontal or coronal plane
vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
109
midsagittal
vertical plane passing through the body from front to back at the midline, dividing the body equally into right and left halves
110
parasagittal
vertical plane passing through the body from front to back at the midline, dividing the body equally into right and left halves
111
sagittal
vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides (any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane)
112
transverse
horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
113
Fowler position
semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees
114
lateral recumbent position
lying on side; right and left precede the term to indicate the patient's side
115
lithotomy position
lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and externally rotated
116
orthopnea position
sitting upright in a chair or in bed supported by pillows behind the back. sometimes the patient tilts forward resting on a pillow supported by and overbed table
117
prone position
lying on abdomen, facing downward
118
recumbent position (decubitus)
lying down in any position
119
Sims position
lying on side in a semi-prone position with the knees drawn up toward chest and the arms drawn behind parallel to the back. right and left precede the term to indicate the patient's right or left side. Originally, the term specifically indicated the patient's left; therefore, if the term Sims position is used without a description of right or left, it is assumed the patient is to be placed on the left side.
120
supine position
lying on back, facing upward (also called dorsal recumbent position)
121
Trendelenburg position
lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet
122
umbilical region
around the navel
123
lumbar regions
to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist
124
epigastric region
superior to the umbilical region
125
hypochondriac regions
to the right and left of the epigastric region
126
hypogastric region
inferior to the umbilical region
127
iliac regions (inguinal)
to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin
128
RUQ
liver, gallbladder, medial of the pancreas, portions of the small and large intestines
129
LUQ
liver, stomach, spleen, lateral of the pancreas, portions of the small and large intestines
130
RLQ
small and large intestines, appendix, ureter, right ovary, uterine (W), spermatic duct (M)
131
LLQ
small and large intestines, ureter, ovary, uterine tube (W), spermatic duct (M)
132
ant
anterior
133
AP
anteroposterior
134
inf
inferior
135
lat
lateral
136
med
medial
137
PA
posteroanterior
138
sup
superior
139
skin
organ covering the body; made up of layers
140
epidermis
outer layer of skin; protects the body from an external environment
141
keratin
scleroprotein component of the horny, or cornified, layer of the epidermis. Also, the primary component of the hair and nails
142
melanin
dark pigment produced by melonocytes; amount present determines skin color
143
hair
compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers
144
nails
horny plates made from flattened epithelial cells; found on the dorsal surface of the ends of the fingers and toes
145
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
146
sudoriferous glands
(sweat) tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin's surface and secrete sweat
147
dermis
inner layer of skin; responsible for its flexibility and mechanical strength
148
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
skin
149
hidr/o
sweat
150
kerat/o
horny tissue, hard
151
onych/, ungu/o
nail
152
seb/o
sebum
153
auto/o
self
154
bi/o
life
155
coni/o
dust
156
crypt/o
hidden
157
heter/o
other
158
myc/o
fungus
159
necr/o
death
160
pachy/o
thick
161
rhytid/o
wrinkles
162
staphyl/o
grapelike clusters
163
strept/o
twisted chains
164
xer/o
dry, dryness
165
epi-
on, upon, over
166
intra-
within
167
para-
beside, beyond, around, abnormal
168
per-
through
169
sub-
under, below
170
trans-
through, across, beyond
171
-coccus, -cocci
berry-shaped
172
-ectomy
excision or surgical removal
173
-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
174
-itis
inflammation
175
-malacia
softening
176
-opsy
view of, viewing
177
-phagia
eating or swallowing
178
-plasty
surgical repair
179
-rrhea
flow, discharge
180
-tome
instrument used to cut
181
abrasion
scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
182
abscess
localized collection of pus
183
acne
inflammatory disease of the skin involving sebaceous glands and hair follicles
184
actinic keratosis
precacerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. it may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma
185
albinism
congenital hereditary condition characterized by the partial or total lake of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
186
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
a malignant epithelial tumor arising from the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer; it seldom metastasizes, but invades local tissue and may recur in the same location. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure
187
candidiasis
infection of the skin, mouth (thrush), or vagina caused by yeast-type fungus. Candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. Esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
188
carbuncle
infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bateria
189
cellulitis
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection; characterized by redness, pain, heat and swelling
190
contusion (bruise)
injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling and discoloration
191
eczema
noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
192
fissure
slit or cracklike sore in the skin
193
furuncle (boil)
painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle
194
gangrene
death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion
195
herpes
inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. Many types of herpes exist. Herpes simplex virus type 1, for example, cause fever blisters; herpes zoster, also called shingles, is characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflamed by the virus
196
impetigo
superfical skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci
197
infection
invasion of pathogens in body tissue. An acute infection may remain localized if the body's defense mechanisms are effective or may persist to become subacute or chronic. A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body.
198
Kaposi sarcoma
cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spread through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen as AIDS
199
laceration
torn, ragged-edged wound
200
lesion
any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. it is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors
201
MRSA infection
invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term care facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population
202
pediculosis
invasion into the skin and hair by lice
203
psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
204
rosacea
chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older that 30 years
205
scabies
skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruption that is caused by the female burrowing into the out layer of skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by severe itching.
206
scleroderma
disease characterized by chronic hardening of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs
207
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
malignant growth developing from scale-like epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis; it invades local tissue and may metastasize. while most commonly appearing on the skin, SCC can occur in other parts of the body including the mouth, lips, and genitals, the most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight
208
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. this autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations. it also may affect other organs.
209
tinea
fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, nails. Tinea, in general, is also called ringworm, and tinea pedis is athletes foot.
210
urticaria (hives)
itchy skin eruption composed of wheal of varying sizes and shapes. Urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine, or other agents. other causes include internal disease, physical stimuli, and genetic disorders
211
vitiligo
white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes
212
alopecia
loss of hair
213
bacteria
single celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue
214
cicatrix
scar
215
cyst
closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material
216
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised
217
diaphoresis
sweating
218
ecchymosis
escape of blood into the skin causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein
219
edema
puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
220
erythema
redness
221
fungus
organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surrounding and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single (yeast), multi-celled (mold)
222
induration
abnormal hard spots or area of skin; may include underlying tissue
223
jaundice
condition characterized by a yellow coloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera (whites of eyes) caused by the presences of bile
224
keloid
overgrowth of scar tissue
225
leukoplakia
condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous
226
macule
flat, colored spot on skin
227
nevus (mole)
circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black or flesh colored. the congenital nevus is present at birth and is referred to as a birthmark
228
nodule
small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch
229
pallor
paleness
230
papule
small, solid skin elevation
231
petechia
pinpoint skin hemorrhage
232
pressure injury
damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients; the injury, which may be painful, can present as intact skin or an open ulcer
233
pruritus
itching
234
purpura
small hemorrhages in the skin, giving a purple-red discoloration; associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalites
235
pustule
elevation of skin containing pus
236
ulcer
erosion of skin or mucous membrane
237
verruca
circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus
238
vesicle (blister)
small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid
239
virus
minute microorganism, much smaller than a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells; may cause infection by invading body tissue
240
wheal
tranistory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual urticaria lesion
241
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
242
bx
biopsy
243
CMV
cytomegalovirus
244
CA-MRSA
community-associated MRSA infection
245
derm
dermatology
246
HA-MRSA
healthcare-associated MRSA infection
247
I&D
incision and drainage
248
ID
intradermal
249
MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
250
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
251
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
252
staph
staphlococcus
253
strep
streptlococcus
254
subcut
subcutaneous
255
TD
transdermal
256
nose
line with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air
257
nasal septum
partition separating the right and left nasal cavities
258
paranasal sinuses
air cavities with the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
259
pharynx (throat)
serves as a food and air passageway. air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus
260
adenoids
lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity
261
tonsils
lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx
262
larynx (voice box)
location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx
263
epiglottis
flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
264
trachea (windpipe)
passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx
265
bronchus
one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. the branching resembles a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree.
266
bronchioles
smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
267
alveoli
air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries
268
thorax
chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs. thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm
269
lungs
two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. the right lung consists of three lobes and the left lung has two lobes
270
pleura
double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, call the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid
271
diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. it aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out
272
mediastinum
space between the lungs. it contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures
273
adenoid/o
adenoids
274
alveol/o
alveolus
275
broch/o, bronchi/o
bronchus
276
diaphragmat/o, phren/o
diaphragm
277
epiglott/o
epiglottis
278
laryng/o
larynx
279
lob/o
lobe
280
nas/o, rhin/o
nose
281
pharyng/o
pharynx
282
pleur/o
pleura
283
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
lung, air
284
pulmon/o
lung
285
sept/o
septum
286
sinus/o
sinus
287
thorac/o
thorax, chest, chest cavity
288
tonsill/o
tonsil
289
trache/o
trachea
290
atel/o
imperfect, incomplet
291
capn/o
carbon dioxide
292
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
293
muc/o
mucus
294
orth/o
straight
295
ox/i
oxygen
296
phon/o
sound, voice
297
py/o
pus
298
radi/o
xrays, ionizing radiation
299
somn/o
sleep
300
son/o
sound
301
spir/o
breathe, breathing
302
tom/o
to cut, section, or slice
303
a-, an-
absense of, without
304
endo-
within
305
eu-
normal, good
306
poly-
many, much
307
tachy-
fast, rapid
308
-algia
pain
309
-ar, -ary, -eal
pertaining to
310
-cele
hernia or protrusion
311
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
312
-ectasis
stretching out, dilation, expansion
313
-emia
in the blood
314
-gram
the record, radiographic image
315
-graph
instrument used to record ; the record
316
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic imaging
317
-meter
instrument used to measure
318
-metry
measurement
319
-pexy
surgical fixation, suspension
320
-pnea
breathing
321
-rrhagia
rapid flow of blood, excessive bleeding
322
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
323
-scopic
pertaining to visual examination
324
-scopy
visual examination
325
-spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
326
-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
327
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
328
-thorax
chest, chest cavity
329
-tomy
cut into, incision
330
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. ARDS is respiratory failure in an adult.
331
asthma
respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of bresath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways taht is reversible between attacks
332
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main componets of COPD
333
coccidioidomycosis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body
334
croup
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. it may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in childern
335
cystic fibrosis (CF)
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency and other symptoms
336
deviated septum
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
337
epistaxis
nosebleed (rhinorrhagia)
338
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduce the. capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown. IPF most often affects adults over the age of 50. Lung transplant
339
influenza
highly contagious and often sever viral infection of the respiratory tract
340
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
repetitve pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
341
pertussis (whooping cough)
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration
342
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma
343
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure
344
pulmonary embolism (PE)
matter foreing to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremites are teh most common source of pulmonary embolism
345
pulmonary emphysema
loss of elasticty of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen
346
tuberculosis (TB)
infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usaully affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs
347
upper respiratory infection (URI)
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx usually caused by a virus
348
chest computed tomography (CT)
computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion
349
chest radiograph (CXR)
radiographic image of the cest performed to evaluate the lungs and heart
350
lung ventilation/perfusion scan (VQ)
two nuclear scan tesets, one to measure air flow throught the lungs, and one to measure circulation to. all areas of the lungs. A VQ scan is used most often to help diagnose or rule out a pulmonary embolism
351
acid-fast bacilli (AFB)
test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, TB
352
sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)
pathogencic bacteria test
353
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
test performed on arterial blo0d to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH
354
peak flow meter (PFM
portable instrument used to. measure air flow early in forced exhalation; helps monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly
355
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
measure breathing capacity
356
auscultation
listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body which are abnormal
357
percussion
tapping body surface to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained.
358
PPD skin test
TB skin test
359
stethoscope
instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement
360
airway
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
361
asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use
362
aspirate
to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the repiratory tract
363
bronchoconstrictor
agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
364
bronchodilator
agent causing the bronchi to widen
365
crackles
discontinuous sounds
366
hyperventilation
ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
367
hypoventilation
ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs
368
mucopurulent
containing both mucus and pus
369
mucus
slimy fluid secreted by the mucous and membrane
370
nebulizer
device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
371
nosocomial infection
an infection acquired uring hospitalization
372
paroxysm
periodic, sudden attack
373
patent
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of aire, as in patent trachea and bronchi
374
rhonchi
low-pitched, with snoring quality, breath sounds heard with stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways
375
sputum
mucous secretion fromm the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
376
stridor
harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration
377
ventilator
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
378
kidneys
two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity covered anteriorly by the parietal peritoneum. Theri function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances
379
nephron
urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney
380
glomerulus
cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. The process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here.
381
renal pelvis
funnel-shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter
382
hilum
indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney
383
ureters
two slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder.
384
urinary bladder
muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick muscular walls becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size.
385
urethra
lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary blader to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. 1.5 in females and 8 in males (also part of the reproductive system).
386
urinary meatus
opening through which the urine passes to the outside.
387
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder, sac
388
glomerul/o
glomerulus
389
meat/o
meatus (opening)
390
nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
391
pyel/o
renal pelvis
392
ureter/0
ureter
393
urethr/
urethra
394
alumin/o
albumin
395
azot/o
urea, nitrogen
396
blast/o
developing cell, germ cell
397
glyc/o, glycos/o
sugar
398
hydro/o
water
399
lith/o
stone, calculus
400
noct/i
night
401
olig/o
scanty, few
402
urin/o, ur/o
urine, urinary tract
403
-iasis, -esis
condition
404
-lysis
loosening, dissolution, separating
405
-ptosis
drooping, sagging, prolapse
406
-rrhaphy
suturing, reparing
407
-tripsy
sugical crushing
408
-uria
urine, urination
409
epispadias
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis
410
hypospadias
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis. Females may also have a form of hypospadias where the urinary meatus is unusually located
411
polycystic kidney disease
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine
412
renal calculus
stone in the kidney
413
renal failure
loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
414
renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
415
urinary retention
abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
416
urinary suppression
sudden stoppage of urine formation
417
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
418
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shockwaves. Stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine
419
fulguration
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark
420
renal transplant
surgical implantation of a down kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function
421
KUB
simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location. Also used to identify radiopaque calculi in the kidney, ureters, or bladder, or to diagnose intestinal obstruction
422
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. An increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function
423
creatinine
blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function
424
specific gravity (SG)
test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidney.
425
urinalysis (UA)
multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen. Visual examination and chemical analysis of a urine specimen provides screening for blood, glucose, protein, and other substances in the urine and offers a picture of overal health.
426
catheter (cath)
flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
427
distended
stretched out
428
electrolytes
minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium, that carry an electrolyte charge. Electrolyte balance is necessary for the body to function normally and is maintained by kidneys
429
enuresis
involuntary urination. Nocturnal enuresis and Diurnal enuresis
430
hemodialysis (HD)
procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so
431
incontinence
inability to control the bladder and/or bowels
432
micturate (urinate)
to pass urine
433
peritoneal dialysis
procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis
434
stricture
abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture
435
urinal
receptacle for urine
436
urinary catheterization
passage of a catheter into the. urinary bladder to withdraw urine
437
urodynamics
pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract. Urodynamic studies examine the process of voiding and test bladder tone, capacity, and pressure along with urine flow and perineal muscle function. An enlarged prostate and urethral stricture will diminish urine flow rate
438
void
to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine
439
ARF
acute renal failure
440
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
441
cath
catherterization, catheter
442
CKD
chronic kidney disease
443
ESRD
end stage renal disease
444
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
445
HD
hemodialysis
446
OAB
overactive bladder
447
SG
specific gravity
448
UA
urinalysis
449
UTI
urinary tract infection
450
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
Chemistry 1210
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