medication admin

Question 1

pedi doses are based off

Answer 1

age, body weight, and body surface area.

Question 2

nursing assessment

Answer 2

• Medication and food allergies
• Appropriateness of medication dose for the child’s age and weight
• Child’s developmental age
• Child’s physiological and psychological condition
• Tissue and skin integrity when administering intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous, and topical medications
• IV patency when administering intravenous

Question 3

adminstraing

Answer 3

• Calculate the safe dosage for medication.
• Notify the provider if medication dosage is determined to be outside the safe dosage range
• Double-check high-risk and facility-regulated medications with another nurse.
• Use two client identifiers prior to administration: client name and date of birth.
• Two identifiers from the ID band must be confirmed: client name, date of birth, or hospital identification number.
• parents can verify

Question 4

preparing to inject

Answer 4

Determine parental involvement with administration.

Allow the child to make appropriate choices regarding administration (choosing the left or right leg, whether the parent or nurse will administer the medication).

Prepare the child according to age and developmental stage.

Question 5

what route of med is prefered for children

Answer 5

oral

Question 6

oral

Answer 6

• Determine the child’s ability to swallow pills.
• Use the smallest measuring device for doses of liquid medication. Avoid measuring liquid medication in a teaspoon or tablespoon.
• Avoid mixing medication with formula or putting it in a bottle of formula
• Hold the infant in a semireclining position similar to a feeding position.
• Hold the small child in an upright position to prevent aspiration.
• Administer the medication in the side of the mouth in small amounts.

Question 7

optic meds

Answer 7

• Place the child in a supine or sitting position.
• Extend the child’s head and ask the child to look up.
• Pull the lower eye lid downward and apply medication in the pocket.
• Administer ointments before nap or bedtime.
• If infants clench their eyes closed, place the drops in the nasal corner. When the infant opens his eyes, the medication will enter the eye.
• Apply light pressure to the lacrimal punctum for 1 min to prevent unpleasant taste.
• Play games with younger children.

Question 8

otic med

Answer 8

• Place the child in a prone or supine position with the affected ear upward.
• Children younger than 3 years: pull the pinna downward and straight back.
• Children older than 3 years: pull the pinna upward and back.
• Allow refrigerated medications to warm to room temperature prior to administration.
• Massage the outer area for a few minutes following administration.
• Play games with younger children.

Question 9

nasal med

Answer 9

• Position the child with the head extended.
• Use a football hold for infants.
• Insert the tip into the naris vertically, then angle it prior to administration.

Question 10

aerosol med

Answer 10

• Use a mask for younger children.
• Provide atraumatic care.
• Allow parents to hold the child during treatment.
• Use distraction.

Question 11

rectal med

Answer 11

• Insert beyond both rectal sphincters.
• Hold the buttocks gently together for 5 to 10 min.
• Halve the medication lengthwise, if necessary.
• Provide atraumatic care.
• Perform the procedure quickly.
• Use distraction.

Question 12

what to consider when selecting site for IM

Answer 12

• Assess the need for assistance.
• Avoid tracking of medication.

When selecting sites, consider the following.

• Medication amount, viscosity, and type
• Muscle mass, condition, access of site, and potential for contamination
• Treatment course and number of injections
• Age and size of child

Question 13

common sub c sites

Answer 13

lateral aspect of the upper arm, abdomen, and anterior thigh.

Question 14

volume and needle size for sub q

Answer 14

• Inject volumes of less than 0.5 mL.
• Use a 1 mL syringe with a 26- to 30-gauge needle.
• Insert at a 90° angle. Use a 45° angle for children who are thin.

Question 15

recommended sites for IM

Answer 15

Vastus lateralis is the recommended site in infants and small children.
Position the child supine, side-lying, or sitting.
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Question 16

needle size for IM

Answer 16

Use a 22- to 25-gauge, ½- to 1-inch needle.

Question 17

inject for IM infanrs

Answer 17

.5 ml

Question 18

inject IM for children

Answer 18

2ml

Question 19

iv medication

Answer 19

• Use a 24- to 20-gauge catheter.
• Use for continuous and intermittent IV medication administration.
• Short-term IV therapy can be completed at home with the assistance of a home health nurse.
• Assess venipuncture site per facility protocol and prior to administration of medications

Question 20

short term central venous line

Answer 20

nontunneled catheter or peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)

Question 21

long term central line

Answer 21

tunneled catheter or implanted infusion port

Question 22

central venous access devices

Answer 22

• Insert a PICC before multiple peripheral attempts.
• Use a transilluminator to assist in vein location.
• Avoid terminology such as a “bee sting” or “stick.”
• Attach an extension tubing to decrease movement of the catheter.
• Use play therapy.
• Apply EMLA to the site for 60 min prior to attempt.

Question 23

Iv placement

Answer 23

• Apply EMLA to the site for 60 min prior to attempt.
• Keep equipment out of site until procedure begins.
• Perform procedure in a treatment room.
• Use nonpharmacologic therapies.
• Allow parents to stay if they prefer.
• Use therapeutic holding.
• Avoid using the dominant or sucking hand.
• Cover site with a colorful wrap.
• Swaddle infants.
• Offer pacifier to infants before, during, and after the procedure.