Medication Administration

Question 1

standing orders

Answer 1

hospital orders or specific HCP orders, may have an expiration date & time

Question 2

PRN

Answer 2

only when pt needs it

Question 3

one time order

Answer 3

specific time
ex. give antibiotic on call to OR

Question 4

STAT

Answer 4

immediately & only once

Question 5

NOW

Answer 5

quickly but not STAT

Question 6

6 rights of medication

Answer 6

1. the right med
2. the right dose
3. the right patient
4. the right route
5. the right time
6. the right documentation

Question 7

patient rights

Answer 7

• right to refuse
• right to be informed
• right to have qualified nurses & physicians

Question 8

medication reconcilliation

Answer 8

errors that occur when a patient is transferred to or from another facility

Question 9

for buccal/sublingual meds - do not give with

Answer 9

liquid - until fully dissolved

Question 10

when administering liquid medications, what should you always do?

Answer 10

• shake before pouring
• cover label to avoid destruction
• pour at eye level
• do not pour back into bottle
• make sure it is clean before recapping

Question 11

what position should your patient be in after administering meds through an artificial tube (NG, gastrostomy)

Answer 11

semi-fowlers or fowlers for at least 30 mins

Question 12

what are metered dose inhalers for?

Answer 12

rapid absorption & relief for breathing difficulties

Question 13

why would you use a spacer for a MDI?

Answer 13

so the patient has an easier time using it, also gets the medicine to the lungs better

Question 14

if a patient is using multiple inhalers, what would you give first?

Answer 14

bronchodilator

Question 15

what would you give last when a patient is on multiple inhalers?

Answer 15

corticosteroids

Question 16

what instruction would you give to a patient on corticosteroids?

Answer 16

rinse out mouth after to prevent fungal infection

Question 17

what are nebulizers?

Answer 17

liquid medicine placed in dispenser & inhaled through mask

Question 18

how do you administer nasal drops?

Answer 18

• wear gloves
• tilt head back flat or supine
• stay for 1 to 2 mins
• not sterile, but maintain asepsis
• clean tip after use

Question 19

how do you administer nasal sprays?

Answer 19

• pt sitting up or with head tilted
• spray during inhalation
• verify med admin based on drug

Question 20

what are ear drops for?

Answer 20

treating ear infections & softens wax

Question 21

how do you administer ear drops?

Answer 21

• make sure it’s room temp
• pt side lying, ear up, drops alongside the canal
• gently massage the tragus to move med if needed
• stay on side for 5 to 10 min

Question 22

what should you never do with transdermal meds? (patches, ointments)

Answer 22

place on abrasions unless ordered; not wear gloves

Question 23

what should you always do with transdermal meds?

Answer 23

rotate sites

Question 24

how do you administer eye drops?

Answer 24

• wear gloves
• tilt head back
• wipe eyes for any secretions
• apply drops to conjunctival sac
• apply pressure to naso-lacrimal duct

Question 25

how do you apply eye ointments?

Answer 25

- apply from inner canthus to outer - apply pressure to inner canthus for a minute - wipe any excess - do not touch tip of applicator to eye - if multiple: wait 5 mins inbetween

Question 26

what are suppositories for?

Answer 26

quick relief for fever or constipation

Question 27

how do you administer a suppository?

Answer 27

- position pt on left side w/ upper leg flexed - wear gloves & unwrap suppository - add lubricant to rounded end - have pt take a deep breath & exhale first - insert into rectum 1 inch past anal sphincter

Question 28

three parts of a needle

Answer 28

hub, shaft, bevel

Question 29

intradermal injection site

Answer 29

forearm & scapula

Question 30

intradermal syringe size

Answer 30

1 mL

Question 31

intradermal needle size

Answer 31

25-27 inch, 1/8-5/8 inch

Question 32

what is the use for intradermal injections?

Answer 32

TB or allergy testing

Question 33

intradermal needle insertion angle

Answer 33

5-15 degrees

Question 34

subcutaneous injection sites

Answer 34

abdomen, lateral aspect of upper arms, thigh, upper gluteal area

Question 35

where on the abdomen do you perform an injection?

Answer 35

2 inches away from umbilicus, incisions, stoma, or wound

Question 36

where on the thigh do you perform an injection?

Answer 36

hand from groin & knee

Question 37

subcutaneous needle size

Answer 37

1-3 mL 25-27 gauge 1/8 - 5/8 inches

Question 38

subcutaneous needle insertion angle

Answer 38

90 (average size or obese) 45 (thin)

Question 39

intramuscular injection sites

Answer 39

ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis, & deltoid

Question 40

how do you administer an injection into the ventrogluteal muscle?

Answer 40

- on side, knees bent - place non dominant palm on greater trochanter & index finger on anterior superior iliac spines - thumb toward groin, fingers toward head - spread middle fingers along iliac crest toward buttocks - center of triangle

Question 41

how do you administer an injection into the vastus lateralis muscle?

Answer 41

- one hand above knee - one hand below greater trochanter - middle of 3rd muscle

Question 42

how do you administer injections into the deltoid muscle?

Answer 42

- 3 fingers below acromian process - inject in center of triangle - 0.5 mL

Question 43

what is Z-track technique used for? what does it do?

Answer 43

injecting irritating substances; it decreases pain, irritation, or staining

Question 44

z-track method

Answer 44

pull skin & subQ tissue to the side; inject at a 90 degree angle; pull out, then release skin

Question 45

when should a deltoid injection not be done?

Answer 45

if the muscle is not well developed (injury risk)

Question 46

how long does it take for an oral medication to peak?

Answer 46

1-3 hours

Question 47

how do you administer vaginal suppositories?

Answer 47

- perform peri care first - gloves - position in lithotomy position on pad for secretions - best to do at bedtime so it stays in place - do not use tampons

Question 47

what four things effect oral med administration?

Answer 47

- amount of food - presence/absence of food - changes in intestines (disease/surgery) - decreased blood flow to stomach

Question 47

intramuscular needle insertion angle

Answer 47

90 degrees

Question 47

how long will it take for an iv route to peak?

Answer 47

10 minutes

Question 48

intramuscular needle size

Answer 48

22-25 gauge, 1-1.5 inches

Question 49

why are unbound meds bad?

Answer 49

medication will float into tissues. if they build up in the bloodstream, it can lead to toxicity