Osteopathic Concepts > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q

What is the mechanism of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)?

A

Inhibits CNS prostaglandin synthesis; weak peripheral anti-inflammatory effect

Used for mild-moderate pain and fever.

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2
Q

What are the uses of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)?

A
  • Mild-moderate pain
  • Fever

Commonly used as a first-line treatment for musculoskeletal pain.

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3
Q

What is the maximum dose of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) per day?

A

4g/day

Overdose can lead to hepatotoxicity.

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4
Q

What are the osteopathic considerations for Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)?

A
  • Safe first-line for MSK pain
  • No effect on inflammation/healing
  • No contraindication to manual therapy

Important for osteopathic treatment planning.

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of Codeine?

A

Opioid receptor agonist; converted to morphine in liver

Used for moderate pain.

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6
Q

What are the side effects of Codeine?

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Constipation
  • Dependence

Requires caution during treatment.

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7
Q

What is the dose of Codeine?

A

15-60mg every 4-6 hours

Important for effective pain management.

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of Ibuprofen?

A

COX-1/COX-2 inhibition → reduces prostaglandins

Used for pain, inflammation, and fever.

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9
Q

What are the side effects of Ibuprofen?

A
  • GI upset
  • Ulcers
  • Bleeding
  • Renal/CV risk

Important to consider during treatment.

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10
Q

What is the maximum dose of Ibuprofen per day?

A

2.4g/day

Important for safety and efficacy.

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11
Q

What are the osteopathic considerations for Ibuprofen?

A
  • Masks inflammatory responses
  • Delays tissue healing (chronic use)
  • Increased bleeding risk with soft tissue work

Critical for treatment planning.

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of Amitriptyline?

A

Inhibits serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake; blocks sodium channels

Used for neuropathic pain, migraine prophylaxis, chronic pain, and depression.

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13
Q

What are the side effects of Amitriptyline?

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Dry mouth
  • Constipation
  • Orthostatic hypotension

Important to monitor during treatment.

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14
Q

What are the uses of Sertraline?

A
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • PTSD
  • OCD

Commonly prescribed SSRI.

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15
Q

What is the dose of Gabapentin?

A

300-3600mg daily (divided doses)

Important for managing neuropathic pain.

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16
Q

What are the side effects of Gabapentin?

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A
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Peripheral edema
  • Ataxia

Important to consider in treatment.

17
Q

What is the mechanism of Propranolol?

Study These Flashcards
A

Blocks β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors

Used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, and anxiety.

18
Q

What are the side effects of Propranolol?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fatigue
  • Cold extremities
  • Bradycardia
  • Bronchospasm

Important to monitor during treatment.

19
Q

What are the osteopathic considerations for Warfarin?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Avoid HVLA, deep myofascial release, aggressive techniques
  • Gentle mobilization, cranial, gentle visceral, BLT, FPR

High risk for bleeding.

20
Q

What are the absolute contraindications to HVLA/deep techniques?

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A
  • Anticoagulants → bleeding risk
  • Severe osteoporosis + corticosteroids → fracture risk
  • Uncontrolled hypertension → CV events

Critical for patient safety.

21
Q

What are the relative contraindications for treatment?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • NSAIDs → increased bleeding
  • Long-term corticosteroids → tissue fragility

Important to assess before treatment.

22
Q

What is the key feature of Statin Myalgia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Bilateral, symmetrical muscle pain
  • Proximal muscles (shoulders, thighs)
  • Appeared after starting statin
  • No clear mechanical pattern

Important for differential diagnosis.

23
Q

What is the mechanism of Metformin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Reduces hepatic glucose production; increases insulin sensitivity

Used for Type 2 diabetes.

24
Q

What are the osteopathic considerations for PPIs (Omeprazole)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • May indicate hiatal hernia/visceral dysfunction
  • Consider diaphragm release and visceral techniques

Important for treatment planning.

25
What are the **treatment modifications** for patients on **anticoagulants**?
* Avoid HVLA, deep tissue * Gentle techniques only ## Footnote Critical for patient safety.
26
What are the **key themes** for FCC/FCCA exams?
* Contraindications & safety * Recognizing medication-induced conditions * Mechanism of action * Patient safety & red flags * Interdisciplinary communication ## Footnote Important for exam preparation.
27
What does the **SAFE OMT** acronym stand for?
* Search medication history * Assess contraindications * Flag bleeding risks * Evaluate modifications needed * Orthostatic precautions * Monitor patient response * Technique selection adapted ## Footnote This checklist is used for ensuring medication safety in osteopathic manipulative treatment.
28
Name the **Top 5 Drug Classes** that pose specific risks.
* Anticoagulants → bleeding risk, avoid HVLA * Statins → myalgia differential diagnosis * NSAIDs → bleeding risk, masks inflammation * Antihypertensives → orthostatic hypotension * Neuropathic pain meds → indicates nerve involvement ## Footnote These drug classes require careful consideration in treatment planning.
29
What is the first step in the **Top 5 Safety Principles**?
Complete medication history before treatment ## Footnote This principle ensures that all potential risks are identified prior to any intervention.
30
True or false: It is safe to perform HVLA on a patient taking **anticoagulants**.
FALSE ## Footnote Anticoagulants increase the risk of bleeding, making HVLA contraindicated.
31
In the context of **exam success strategy**, what should you do first in clinical scenarios?
Read medication list first ## Footnote Understanding the medication list helps identify potential risks and contraindications.
32
Fill in the blank: **Recognize contraindications to chosen technique** is part of the **Top 5 Safety Principles**.
Recognize contraindications to chosen technique ## Footnote This principle emphasizes the importance of understanding the implications of medications on treatment.
33
What should you consider if a technique is contraindicated?
Consider alternatives ## Footnote Always look for safe and effective alternatives when a technique cannot be performed.
34
What is a key focus of the **FCC/FCCA exams**?
Integration of pharmacological knowledge with safe, effective osteopathic practice ## Footnote The exams emphasize patient safety, clinical reasoning, and professional boundaries.
35
What is the **clinical scenario** involving a patient on anticoagulants requesting HVLA?
Refuse, explain, alternative ## Footnote It's crucial to communicate the risks and provide safe alternatives.
36
What should be done if a patient on **statins** presents with myalgia?
Recognize pattern, refer ## Footnote Differentiating between statin-related myalgia and musculoskeletal pain is essential for proper management.
37
What should be assessed if a patient on **PPIs** presents with thoracic pain?
Assess visceral-somatic link ## Footnote Understanding the connection between visceral and somatic symptoms can guide treatment.
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