EMS Protocols 2015 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the class of Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Antiarrhythmic

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2
Q

What is the action of Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Slows AV conduction

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3
Q

What is the indication for Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Tachycardia

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4
Q

What are the 3 contraindications for Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
  3. Sick-sinus syndrome
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5
Q

What are the precautions for Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A
  1. Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG should be monitored
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6
Q

What are the 5 side effects of Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A
  1. Facial flushing
  2. Headache
  3. Shortness of breath
  4. Dizziness
  5. Nausea
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7
Q

What is the class of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A

Sympathomimetic (Beta2 selective)

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8
Q

What is the action of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A

Bronchodilation

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9
Q

What is the indication for Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A

Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD or asthma

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10
Q

What is are the 2 contraindications of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug

2. Symptomatic tachycardia

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11
Q

What are the 2 precautions for Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A
  1. Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG should be monitored

2. Use caution in pts with known heart disease

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12
Q

What are the 5 side effects of Albuterol (Proventil) (Ventolin)?

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Anxiety
  3. Headache
  4. Dizziness
  5. Sweating
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13
Q

What is the class of Alcaine?

A

Topical anesthic

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14
Q

What are the actions of Alcaine?

A

Anesthitizes globe of eyeball
Onset thirty seconds
Duration 15 minutes

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15
Q

What are the 3 indications for Alcaine?

A
  1. Prior to irrigation to remove foreign objects
  2. Burns
  3. Eye pain secondary to injury
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16
Q

What are the 2 contraindications for Alcaine?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug or “caine” drugs

2. Lacerations or global penetrations are present or suspected

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17
Q

What are the 2 side effects for Alcaine?

A
  1. Stinging

2. Irritation

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18
Q

What is the class of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Antiarrhythmic

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19
Q

What are the 4 actions of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A
  1. Prolongs action potential and refractory period
  2. Slows the sinus rate
  3. Increases PR and QT intervals
  4. Decreases peripheral vascular resistance
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20
Q

What is the indication for Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias

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21
Q

What are the 5 contraindications for Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to drug
  2. Severe sinus node dysfunction
  3. Sinus bradycardia
  4. 2nd and 3rd degree block
  5. Hemodynamically significant bradycardia
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22
Q

What are the 8 side effects of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Nausea
  3. Anorexia
  4. Malaise
  5. Fatigue
  6. Tremors
  7. Pulmonary toxicity
  8. Ventricular escape beats
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23
Q

What is the precaution of Amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Do NOT shake this medication

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24
Q

What is the class of Aspirin?

A

Platelet inhibitor/ anti-inflammatory

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25
What is the action of Aspirin?
Blocks platelet aggregation
26
What are the 3 indications for Aspirin?
1. Cardiac chest pain 2. AMI 3. Signs and symptoms suggestive or recent CVA
27
What are the 3 contraindications for Aspirin?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Significant ulcers disease 3. GI bleeding
28
What are 3 precautions for Aspiring?
1. Avoid head injury pts 2. Avoid possible hemorrhagic CVA 3. Avoid those with potential sites of bleeding
29
What are 4 side effects of Aspirin?
1. Heartburn 2. Nausea 3. Vomiting 4. Wheezing
30
What is the class of Atropine?
Para-sympatholytic (anticholinergic)
31
What are the 3 actions of Atropine?
1. Blocks acetylcholine receptors 2. Increases heart rate 3. Decreases gastrointestinal secretions
32
What 4 indications for Atropine?
1. Hemodynamically significant bradycardia 2. Hypotension secondary to bradycardia 3. Organophosphate poisoning 4. Pediatric RSI
33
What is the contraindication for Atropine?
Hypersensitivity to drug
34
What are the precautions for Atropine?
None when used in the emergency setting
35
What are the 8 side effects of Atropine?
1. Palpitations and tachycardia 2. Headache 3. Dizziness 4. Anxiety 5. Dry mouth 6. Pupillary dilation 7. Blurred vision 8. Urinary retention
36
What is the class of Calcium Gluconate?
Electrolyte
37
What is the action of Calcium Gluconate?
Increases cardiac contractility
38
What is the indication for Calcium Gluconate?
Acute hyperkalemia
39
What is the contraindication for Calcium Gluconate?
Pts receiving digitalis
40
What are the 2 precautions for Calcium Gluconate?
1. IV line should be flushed between calcium and sodium bicarbonate administration 2. Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis
41
What are the 2 side effects of Calcium Gluconate?
1. Arrhythmias (bradycardia and asystole) | 2. Hypotension
42
What is the indication for the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?
Treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning
43
What is the contraindication for the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?
Use caution in the management of pts with known anaphylactic reactions to hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin
44
What are the 11 side effects of the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?
1. Chromaturia 2. Allergic reaction 3. Erythema 4. Rash (acneiform) 5. Nausea 6. Headache 7. Decreased lymphocyte percentage 8. Hypertension 9. Chest tightness 10. Edema 11. Injection site reactions
45
What are 3 precautions for the Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin)?
1. Pregnancy Category C and should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk 2. Usage may interfere with some clinical laboratory evaluations 3. Due to potential photosensitivity pts should avoid direct sun until erythema resolves
46
What is the Class of Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?
Carbohydrate
47
What is the action of Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?
Elevates blood glucose level rapidly
48
What is the indication for Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?
Hypoglycemia
49
What is the contraindication for Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?
None in the emergency settin
50
What is the precaution for Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?
A blood sample should be drawn before administering 50% dextrose
51
What is the side effect of Dextrose 50%/ 25%/ Paste?
Local venous irritation
52
What is the class of Diltiazem (Cardizem)?
Calcium channel blocker
53
What are the 4 actions of Diltiazem (Cardizem)?
1. Slows conduction through the AV node 2. Causes vasodilation 3. Decreases rate of ventricular response 4. Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
54
What is the indication for Diltiazem (Cardizem)?
To control rapid ventricular response associated with atrial fibrillation/flutter and narrow complex tachycardia
55
What are the 3 contraindications for Diltiazem (Cardizem)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Hypotension 3. Wolff-Parkinson-White Sydrome
56
What are the 2 precautions for Diltiazem (Cardizem)?
1. Should not be used in pts receiving intravenous Beta blockers 2. Hypotension
57
What are the 4 side effects of Diltiazem (Cardizem)?
1. Nausea 2. Vomiting 3. Hypotension 4. Dizziness
58
What is the class of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
Antihistamine
59
What are the 2 actions of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
1. Blocks histamine receptors | 2. Some sedative effects
60
What are 2 indications for Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
1. Anaphylaxis | 2. Allergic reactions
61
What are 3 contraindications for Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Asthma 3. Nursing mothers
62
What are 2 precautions for Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
1. Hypotension | 2. Sedation
63
What are 5 side effects of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
1. Sedation 2. Dries bronchial secretions 3. Blurred vision 4. Headache 5. Palpitations
64
What is the class of Epinephrine 1:1,000?
Sympathomimetic
65
What is the action of Epinephrine 1:1,000?
Bronchodilation
66
What are the 4 indications for Epinephrine 1:1,000?
1. Severe asthma 2. Severe allergic reactions 3. Anaphylactic shock 4. Cardiac arrest (ET)
67
What are 4 contraindications for Epinephrine 1:1,000?
1. Pts with underlying cardiovascular disease 2. Hypertension 3. Pregnancy 4. Pts with tachy-arrhythmias
68
What are 2 precautions for Epinephrine 1:1,000?
1. Should be protected from light | 2. Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG must be constantly monitored
69
What are 4 side effects of Epinephrine 1:1,000?
1. Palpitations and tachycardia 2. Anxiousness 3. Headache 4. Tremor
70
What is the class of Epinephrine 1:10,000?
Sympathomimetic
71
What are 6 actions of Epinephrine 1:10,000?
1. Increases heart rate and automaticity 2. Increases cardiac contractile force 3. Increases myocardial electrical activity 4. Increases systemic vascular resistance 5. Increases blood pressure 6. Causes bronchodilation
72
What are 2 indications for Epinephrine 1:10,000?
1. Cardiac arrest | 2. Anaphylactic shock
73
What are 2 contraindications of Epinephrine 1:10,000?
1. Epinephrine 1:10,000 is for intravenous or endotracheal use 2. It should not be used in pts who do not require extensive resuscitative efforts
74
What are 2 precautions for Epinephrine 1:10,000?
1. Should be protected from light | 2. Can be deactivated by alkaline solutions
75
What are 4 side effects of Epinephrine 1:10,000?
1. Palpitations 2. Anxiety 3. Tremulousness 4. Nausea and vomiting
76
What is the class of the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?
Sympathomimetic
77
What are the 6 actions of the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?
1. Increases heart rate and automaticity 2. Increases cardiac contractile force 3. Increases myocardial electrical activity 4. Increases systemic vascular resistance 5. Increases blood pressure 6. Causes bronchodilation
78
What is the indication for the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?
Shock
79
What are 2 precautions for the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?
1. Should be protected from light | 2. Can be deactivated by alkaline solutions
80
What are 4 side effects of the Epinephrine (Push Dose Pressor)?
1. Palpitations 2. Anxiety 3. Tremulousness 4. Nausea and vomiting
81
What is the class of Epinephrine (Racemic)?
Sympathomimetic
82
What are the 6 actions of Epinephrine (Racemic)?
1. Increases heart rate 2. Increases cardiac contractile force 3. Increases myocardial electrical activity 4. Increases systemic vascular resistance 5. Increases blood pressure 6. Causes bronchodilation
83
What is the indication for Epinephrine (Racemic)?
Stridorous respirations related to allergic reactions and upper respiratory causes
84
What are the 5 contraindications for Epinephrine (Racemic)?
1. Epiglottis 2. Pts with underlying cardiovascular disease 3. Pts with hypertension 4. Pregnancy 5. Pts with tachy-arrhythmias
85
What are the 2 precautions for Epinephrine (Racemic)?
1. Should be protected from light | 2. Can be deactivated by alkaline solutions
86
What are 4 side effects of Epinephrine (Racemic)?
1. Palpitations 2. Anxiety 3. Tremulousness 4. Nausea and vomiting
87
What is the class of Etomidate?
Hypnotic
88
What is the action of Etomidate?
Short-acting hypnotic used to induce anesthesia
89
What is the indication for Etomidate?
Used for sedation and for the induction of anesthesia prior to paralytic use in Rapid Sequence Intubation
90
What are 2 contraindications for Etomidate?
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug | 2. Sepsis
91
What are 2 side effects of Etomidate?
1. Myoclonic jerking, usually brief and self-limited | 2. Respiratory suppression
92
What is the class of Fentanyl?
Narcotic
93
What are 3 actions of Fentanyl?
1. CNS depressant 2. Causes peripheral vasodilation 3. Decreases sensitivity to pain
94
What are 2 indications for Fentanyl?
1. Pain | 2. Pulmonary edema
95
What are 8 contraindications for Fentanyl?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Respiratory insufficiencies 3. Asthma 4. Bronchospasm 5. Intracranial or intraspinal pressure 6. Head injuries 7. Altered mental status 8. Hypotension
96
What are 3 precautions for Fentanyl?
1. Respiratory depression (Narcan shoul be available) 2. Hypotension 3. Nausea
97
What are 5 side effects of Fentanyl?
1. Dizziness 2. Altered level of consciousness 3. Hypotension 4. Respiratory depression 5. Nausea
98
What is the class of Furosemide (Lasix)?
Diuretic
99
What are the 3 actions of Furosemide (Lasix)?
1. Inhibits reabsorption of sodium chloride 2. Promotes prompt diuresis 3. Vasodilation
100
What are 2 indications for Furosemide (Lasix)?
1. Congestive heart failure | 2. Pulmonary edema
101
What are 3 contraindications for Furosemide (Lasix)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Pregnancy 3. Dehydration
102
What are 2 precautions for Furosemide (Lasix)?
1. Should be protected from light | 2. Dehydration
103
What are the side effects of Furosemide (Lasix)?
Few in emergency usage
104
What is the class of Glucagon?
Hormone
105
What are the 5 actions of Glucagon?
1. Causes breakdown of glycogen to glucose 2. Inhibits glycogen synthesis 3. Elevates blood glucose level 4. Increases cardiac contractile force 5. Increases heart rate
106
What is the indication for Glucagon?
Hypoglycemia without IV access and unable to take oral
107
What is the contraindication for Glucagon?
Hypersensitivity to the drug
108
What are 3 precautions for Glucagon?
1. Only effective if there are sufficient stores of glycogen within the liver 2. Use with caution in pts with cardiovascular or renal disease 3. Obtain blood glucose before administration
109
What are the side effects of Glucagon?
Few in emergency situations
110
What is the class of Haloperidol (Haldol)?
Major tranquilizer
111
What are 2 actions of Haloperidol (Haldol)?
1. Blocks dopamine receptors in brain responsible for mood and behavior 2. Has antiemetic properties
112
What is the indication for Haloperidol (Haldol)?
Acute psychotic episodes
113
What are 2 contraindications for Haloperidol (Haldol)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug | 2. Pts with prolonged QT
114
What is a precaution for Haloperidol (Haldol)?
Orthostatic hypotension
115
What are 2 side effects for Haloperidol (Haldol)?
1. Physical and mental impairment | 2. Extra-pyramidal reactions have been known to occur (can reverse with Benadryl)
116
What is the class for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?
Narcotic
117
What are 3 actions for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?
1. CNS depressant 2. Causes peripheral vasodilation 3. Decreases sensitivity to pain
118
What is the indication for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?
Pain
119
What are 7 contraindications for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Respiratory insufficiencies 3. Asthma 4. Bronchospasm 5. Intracranial or intraspinal pressure 6. Head injuries 7. Hypotension
120
What are 3 precautions for Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?
1. Respiratory depression (Narcan should be available) 2. Hypotension 3. Nausea
121
What are 4 side effects of Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)?
1. Dizziness 2. Altered level of consciousness 3. Hypotension 4. Respiratory depression
122
What is the class of Ipratropium (Atrovent)?
Anticholinergic
123
What are 2 actions of Ipratropium (Atrovent)?
1. Causes bronchodilation | 2. Dries respiratory tract secretions
124
What are 2 indications for Ipratropium (Atrovent)?
1. Bronchial asthma | 2. Reversible bronchospasm with chronic bronchitis and emphysema
125
What are 2 contraindications for Ipratropium (Atrovent)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug | 2. Should not be used as primary agent in acute treatment of bronchospasm
126
What is a precaution for Ipratropium (Atrovent)?
Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG must be constantly monitored
127
What are 7 side effects of Ipratropium (Atrovent)?
1. Palpitations 2. Dizziness 3. Anxiety 4. Tremors 5. Headache 6. Nervousness 7. Dry mouth
128
What is the class of Ketamine?
NMDA receptor antagonist
129
What is the action of Ketamine?
Affects catecholaminergic transmission
130
What is the indication for Ketamine?
For the induction of anesthesia prior to "Rapid Sequence Intubation"
131
What is the contraindication of Ketamine?
Hypersensitivity to drug
132
What are 6 side effects of Ketamine?
1. Hypertension 2. Tachycardia 3. Involuntary muscle movements 4. Sedation 5. Emergence reactions 7. Vomiting
133
What is the class of Labetalol?
Sympathetic blocker
134
What is the action of Labetalol?
Selectively blocks alpha receptors and non-selectively blocks beta receptors
135
What is the indication for Labetalol?
Hypertensive crisis
136
What are 6 contraindications for Labetalol?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Bronchial asthma 3. Congestive heart failure 4. Heart block 5. Bradycardia 6. Hypotension
137
What is the precaution for Labetalol?
Blood pressure, pulse, and EKG must be constantly monitored
138
What are 5 side effects of Labetalol?
1. Bradycardia 2. Heart block 3. Congestive heart failure 4. Bronchospasm 5. Hypotension
139
What are the 2 classes of Lidocaine?
Antiarrhythmic | Anesthetic
140
What 5 actions of Lidocaine?
1. Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity 2. Increases ventricular fibrillation threshold 3. Reduces velocity of electrical impulse through conductive system 4. Anesthetic 5. Thought to decrease ICP
141
What is an indication for Lidocaine?
Premedication prior to rapid sequence induction (decreases ICP)
142
What are 3 contraindications for Lidocaine?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Heart blocks 3. PVC's in conjunction with bradycardia
143
What are 4 precautions of Lidocaine?
1. Dosage should not exceed 300 mg/hr 2. Monitor for CNS toxicity 3. Dosage should be reduced by 50% in pts older than 70 years of age who have liver disease in cardiac arrest 4. Use only bolus therapy
144
What are 7 side effects of Lidocaine?
1. Anxiety 2. Drowsiness 3. Dizziness 4. Confusion 5. Nausea and vomiting 6. Convulsions 7. Widening of QRS
145
What are the 3 classes of Magnesium Sulfate?
1. Anticonvulsant 2. Antiarrhythmic 3. Reduces bronchospasm
146
What are 4 actions of Magnesium Sulfate?
1. CNS depressant 2. Anti-convulsant 3. Anti-arrhythmic 4. Anti-spasmotic (bronchial)
147
What are 3 indications for Magnesium Sulfate?
1. Eclampsia 2. Torsades de Pointes 3. Severe asthma
148
What are 2 contraindications for Magnesium Sulfate?
1. Shock | 2. Heart block
149
What are 4 precautions for Magnesium Sulfate?
1. Caution should be used in pts receiving digitalis 2. Hypotension 3. Calcium Gluconate should be readily available as an antidote if respiratory depression ensues 4. Use with caution in pts in renal failure
150
What are 2 side effects of Magnesium Sulfate?
1. Respiratory depression | 2. Drowsiness
151
What is the class of Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?
Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid
152
What is the action of Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?
Decreases inflammation
153
What are 4 indications for Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?
1. Allergic reactions 2. COPD 3. Asthma 4. Airway inflammation
154
What is a contraindication for Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?
Hypersensitivity to drug
155
What is a side effect of Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)?
Hyperglycemia
156
What is the class of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
Anti-emetic (dopamine)
157
What are 3 actions of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
1. Blocks dopamine receptors in the CNS 2. Increases upper GI motility 3. Sensitizes tissues to ACh
158
What is the indication for Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
Active nausea and vomiting and as an adjunct to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with narcotic analgesics
159
What are 3 contraindications for Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Bowel obstruction/perforation 3. GI bleed
160
What are 4 side effects of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
1. Extrapyramidal symptoms (can be treated with Benadryl) 2. Fatigue 3. Sedation 4. Restlessness
161
What is the class of Midazolam (Versed)?
Benzodiazepine
162
What are the 2 actions of Midazolam (Versed)?
1. Hypnotic | 2. Sedative
163
What are 2 indications for Midazolam (Versed)?
1. Seizure | 2. Sedation
164
What are 4 contraindications for Midazolam (Versed)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Narrow-angle glaucoma 3. Respiratory depression 4. Hypotension
165
What are 2 precautions for Midazolam (Versed)?
1. Emergency resuscitation equipment should be available | 2. Respiratory depression
166
What are 5 side effects of Midazolam (Versed)?
1. Drowsiness 2. Hypotension 3. Amnesia 4. Respiratory depression 5. Apnea
167
What is the class of Morphine?
Narcotic
168
What are 3 actions of Morphine?
1. CNS depressant 2. Causes peripheral vasodilation 3. Decreases sensitivity to pain
169
What are 2 indications for Morphine?
1. Pain | 2. Pulmonary edema
170
What are 8 contraindications for Morphine?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Respiratory insufficiencies 3. Asthma 4. Bronchospasm 5. Intracranial or intraspinal pressure 6. Head injuries 7. Altered mental status 8. Hypotension
171
What are 3 precautions for Morphine?
1. Respiratory depression (Narcan should be available) 2. Hypotension 3. Nausea
172
What are 5 side effects of Morphine?
1. Dizziness 2. Altered level of consciousness 3. Hypotension 4. Respiratory depression 5. Nausea
173
What is the class of Naloxone (Narcan)?
Narcotic antagonist
174
What is the action of Naloxone (Narcan)?
Reverses effects of narcotics
175
What are 2 indications for Naloxone (Narcan)?
1. Narcotic overdose | 2. To rule out narcotics in coma of unknown origin
176
What is the contraindication for Naloxone (Narcan)?
Hypersensitivity to the drug
177
What are 2 precautions for Naloxone (Narcan)?
1. Should be administered with caution to pts dependent on narcotics as it may cause withdrawal effects 2. Short acting, should be augmented every 5 minutes
178
What is the class of Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?
Nitrate
179
What are 4 actions of Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?
1. Smooth-muscle relaxant 2. Decreases preload 3. Dilates coronary arteries 4. Causes vasodilation
180
What are 2 indications for Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?
1. Angina | 2. Chest pain associated with myocardial infarction
181
What are 6 contraindications for Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Hypotension 3. Bradycardia 4. Head injury 5. CVA 6. Erectile dysfunction medications
182
What are 3 precautions for Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?
1. IV access 2. Constantly monitor vitals signs 3. Syncope/ hypotension can occur
183
What are 3 side effects of Nitroglycerin (Nitro Spray)?
1. Dizziness 2. Hypotension 3. Headache
184
What are the 2 classes of Nitrous Oxide?
1. Sedative | 2. Analgesic
185
What are 2 actions of Nitrous Oxide?
1. Exact actions not completely understood | 2. Central Nervous System depressant
186
What is the indication for Nitrous Oxide?
Pain
187
What are 6 contraindications for Nitrous Oxide?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Pregnancy 3. Pneumothorax 4. Bowel obstruction 5. Hypoxia 6. COPD
188
What are 3 precautions for Nitrous Oxide?
1. Pt must be alert 2. Pt must be able to follow instructions 3. Pt must be able to hold mask on face
189
What are 3 side effects of Nitrous Oxide?
1. Nausea 2. Lethargy 3. Dizziness (can be relieved with 100% O2)
190
What is the class of Ondansetron (Zofran)?
Anti-emetic (5-HT3 antagonist)
191
What is the action of Ondansetron (Zofran)?
Causes interruption of the Serotonin 5-HT3 receptors responsible for vomiting in the brain
192
What are 2 indications for Ondansetron (Zofran)?
1. Active nausea and vomiting | 2. As an adjunct to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with narcotic analgesics
193
What is a contraindication for Ondansetron (Zofran)?
Hypersensitivity to drug
194
What are 3 side effects of Ondansetron (Zofran)?
1. Headache 2. Constipation 3. Dizziness
195
What is the class of Oxygen (O2)?
Gas
196
What is the action of Oxygen (O2)?
Necessary for cellular metabolism
197
What is the indication for Oxygen (O2)?
Hypoxia
198
What is the contraindication for Oxygen (O2)?
None
199
What are 2 precautions for Oxygen (O2)?
1. Use cautiously in pts with COPD | 2. Humidify when providing high-flow rates
200
What is a side effect of Oxygen (O2)?
Drying of mucous membranes
201
What is the class of Promethazine (Phenergan)?
Antihistamine
202
What are 2 actions of Promethazine (Phenergan)?
1. Blocks histamine receptors | 2 Has some sedative effects
203
What are 2 indications for Promethazine (Phenergan)?
1. Active nausea and vomiting | 2. As an adjunct to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with narcotic analgesics
204
What is a contraindication for Promethazine (Phenergan)?
Hypersensitivity to drug
205
What are 3 precautions for Promethazine (Phenergan)?
1. Hypotension 2. Sedation 3. Must be diluted and slow IV push as can cause vein damage
206
What are 3 side effects of Promethazine (Phenergan)?
1. Sedation 2. Dry mouth 3. Restlessness
207
What is the class of Rocuronium (Zemuron)?
Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing)
208
What is the action of Rocuronium (Zemuron)?
Paralyzes skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles
209
What is the indication for Rocuronium (Zemuron)?
To achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation/ ventilation
210
What is the contraindication for Rocuronium (Zemuron)?
Hypersensitivity to drug
211
What are 4 precautions for Rocuronium (Zemuron)?
1. Should not be administered unless persons skilled in endotracheal intubation are present 2. Endotracheal intubation equipment must be available 3. Oxygen equipment and emergency resuscitative drugs must be available 4. Paralysis occurs within 1-2 minutes and lasts for approximately 30-60 minutes
212
What are 2 side effects of Rocuronium (Zemuron)?
1. Prolonged paralysis | 2. Tachycardia
213
What is the class of Sodium Bicarbonate?
Alkalinizing agent
214
What are 2 actions of Sodium Bicarbonate?
1. Combines with excessive acids to form a weak volatile acid 2. Increases pH
215
What are 4 indications for Sodium Bicarbonate?
1. Late in the management of cardiac arrest, if at all 2. Tricyclic antidepressant overdose 3. Severe acidosis refractory to hyperventilation 4. Dialysis pts for acidosis
216
What are 2 contraindications for Sodium Bicarbonate?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug | 2. Alkalotic states
217
What are 4 precautions for Sodium Bicarbonate?
1. Correct dosage is essential to avoid overcompensation of pH 2. Can deactivate catecholamines 3. Can precipitate with calcium preparations 4. Delivers large sodium load
218
What is a side effect of Sodium Bicarbonate?
Alkalosis
219
What is the class of Succinylcholine?
Neuromuscular blocking agent (depolarizing)
220
What are the 2 actions of Succinylcholine?
1. Skeletal muscle relaxant | 2. Paralyzes skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles
221
What is the indication for Succinylcholine?
To achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation
222
What are the 3 contraindications for Succinylcholine?
1. Hypersensitivity to drug 2. Muscle myopathies/wasting 3. Malignant hyperthermia (personal or family history) and hyperkalemia
223
What are the 4 precautions for Succinylcholine?
1. Should not be administered unless persons skilled in endotracheal intubation are present 2. Endotracheal intubation equipment must be available 3. Oxygen equipment and emergency resuscitative drugs must be available 4. Paralysis occurs within 1 minute and lasts for approximately 8 minutes
224
What are 3 side effects of Succinylcholine?
1. Prolonged paralysis 2. Hypotension 3. Bradycardia
225
What is the class of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?
Vitamin
226
What is the action of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?
Cofactor/ Coenzymes in glucose metabolism
227
What are 3 indications for Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?
1. Coma of unknown origin 2. Alcoholism 3. Malnutrition
228
What are the contraindications for Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?
None in the emergency setting
229
What is the precaution for Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?
Rare anaphylactic reactions have been reported
230
What are the side effects of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)?
Rare
231
What is the class of Vasopressin?
Posterior pituitary hormone (ADH)
232
What is the action of Vasopressin?
Potent peripheral vasoconstrictor
233
What is the indication for Vasopressin?
Cardiac Arrest
234
What is the contraindication for Vasopressin?
Hypersensitivity to drug
235
What are the side effects of Vasopressin?
No significant in cardiac arrest
236
What is the class of Vecuronium (Norcuron)?
Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing)
237
What are 2 actions of Vecuronium (Norcuron)?
1. Skeletal muscle relaxant | 2. Paralyzes skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles
238
What is the indication for Vecuronium (Norcuron)?
To achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation
239
What is the contraindication for Vecuronium (Norcuron)?
Hypersensitivity to drug
240
What are 4 precautions for Vecuronium (Norcuron)?
1. Should not be administered unless persons skilled in endotracheal intubation are present 2. Endotracheal intubation equipment must be available 3. Oxygen equipment and emergency resuscitative drugs must be available 4. Paralysis occurs within 1 minute and lasts for approximately 30 minutes
241
What are 3 side effects of Vecuronium (Norcuron)?
1. Prolonged paralysis 2. Hypotension 3. Bradycardia
EMS Protocols 2015
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