1
Q
absorption
A
movement of drug from delivery medium to bloodstream
2
Q
acute
A
sudden or rapidly occurring symptom/condition, usually urgent
3
Q
ADME
A
absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (order of entry and exit of drug in body)
4
Q
adrenal gland
A
structure located above the kidneys, secrets several hormones (cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine)
5
Q
adrenergic
A
pertaining to neurons that release epinephrine and norepinephrine
6
Q
agonist
A
substance that stimulates an action
7
Q
analgesic
A
drug that reduces pain
8
Q
anaphylaxis
A
severe, life-threatening allergic reaction
9
Q
anesthetic
A
drug that induces partial or complete loss of sensation
10
Q
angina
A
severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart
11
Q
angiotensin converting enzyme
A
involved in the production and release of blood pressure raising hormones
12
Q
antacid
A
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
13
Q
antagonist
A
drug that opposes an action
14
Q
antiarrhythmic
A
drug that treats or prevents cardiac arrhythmias
15
Q
antibiotic
A
drug that kills or opposes the reproduction of microorganisms
16
Q
anticholinergic
A
drug the opposes parasympathetic nervous system activity
17
Q
anticoagulant
A
drug that treats or prevents blood clots
18
Q
anticonvulsant
A
drug that prevents or treats seizures
19
Q
antidepressant
A
drug that treats or prevents mental depression
20
Q
antidiabetic
A
drug that lowers blood sugar levels
21
Q
antidiarrheal
A
drug that treats or prevents diarrhea
22
Q
antidote
A
drug that neutralizes a poison or opposes the effect of a poison
23
Q
antiemetic
A
drug that treats or prevents nausea and vomiting
24
Q
antiepileptic
A
drug that treats or prevents epilepsy or seizures
25
antifungal
drug that kills or interferes with the reproduction of fungi
26
antihistamine
drug that prevents that release or blocks the action of histamine
27
antiplatelet
drug that opposes the activity or platelets
28
antipsychotic
drug that treats or prevents psychosis
29
antipyretic
drug that reduces fever
30
antitussive
drug that suppresses a cough
31
antiviral
drug that treats viral infections
32
arteries
blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs
33
atherosclerosis
hardening and occlusion of arteries caused by build up of calcium and cholesterol
34
atrial fibrillation
type of cardiac arrhythmia where an area of the heart receives irregular electrical impulses, causing rapid, irregular heartbeat which can cause blood clots/strokes
35
benign prostatic hyperplasia
non-cancerous growth/enlargement of the prostate gland, blocks urine outflow
36
blood glucose
measure of the concentration of glucose in the blood
37
blood clot
mass of coagulated blood capable of blocking the flow of blood
38
bradycardia
below normal/slow heart rate
39
cardiac arrhythmia
any condition in which the heart beats irregularly
40
cardiovascular system
organ system composed of the heart and blood vessels
41
ceiling effect
phenomenon where the therapeutic effect increases only up to a certain point, higher dosing has no benefit but cause additional side effects
42
cholesterol
fatty substance the body uses to produce hormones and cell walls
43
cholinergic
drug that produces or mimics the effects of acetylcholine
44
chronic
symptom/condition that worsens slowly over time
45
contraceptive
drug or device that prevents conception/pregnancy
46
coronary artery disease
narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart, typically caused by atherosclerosis
47
corticosteroid
anti-imfammatory drug that mimics the hormone cortisol, which is produce by the adrenal gland
48
decongestant
drug that reduces nasal congestion
49
depressant
drug that decreases nerve activity, potentially to the point of sedation
50
diuresis
increased urine production
51
edema
swelling
52
electrolytes
electrically charged minerals, essential for bodily function
53
elimination
physiologic removal of a product from the body
54
embolism
obstruction of a blood vessel by some form of debris/foreign body
55
emesis
vomiting
56
enzyme
a catalyst for a chemical reaction
57
epistaxis
nosebleed
58
expectorant
drug that thins mucus, making it easier to expel/cough up
59
glaucoma
disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure
60
gout
form of arthritis characterized by severe joint pain and inflammation, caused by build up of uric acid
61
heart failure
condition in which the heart is unable to pump effectively enough to meet the needs of the body
62
hepatic
pertaining to the liver
63
histamine
substance produced within the body that, when released, elicits symptoms associated with allergic reactions, also involved in stomach acid production and mental alertness
64
HMG-CoA reductase
key enzyme involved in hepatic cholesterol production
65
hormone
substance produced by the body to regulate/stimulate certain physiological functions
66
hyperglycemia
abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood
67
hyperkalemia
abnormally high level of potassium in the blood
68
hypertension
high blood pressure
69
hyperuricemia
abnormally high uric acid levels in the blood
70
hypoglycemia
abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
71
hypokalemia
abnormally low level of potassium in the blood
72
hypotension
low blood pressure
73
indication
use of a drug; condition/symptom for which a drug is effective in treating
74
lacrimation
production of tears
75
lipids
fats
76
metabolism
body's natural process of chemically altering/breaking down a substance with the goal of removing it from the body
77
myocardial infarction
event in which a portion of the heart muscle tissue dies due to occlusion of the coronary artery
78
nephron
most basic unit of the kidney
79
neuron
nerve cell, most basic unit of the nervous system
80
neurotransmitter
substance released by neurons to manage nervous system mediated functions
81
nitric oxide
chemical in the body that causes blood vessels to dilate
82
nonproductive cough
dry cough
83
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
medications that work similar to corticosteroids, reducing pain/swelling caused by inflammation
84
off-label
term that describes uses for a drug that are not FDA approved
85
osmosis
process by which water naturally crosses a membrane in attempt to equalize solute concentration on each side of the membrane
86
parenteral
administered by route other than the gastrointestinal tract
87
peripheral neuropathy
tingling/pain in the extremities caused by nerve damage
88
phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5)
key enzyme involved in the breakdown of nitric oxide
89
photosensitivity
increases sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in predisposition to sunburn
90
polyuria
excessive production of urine
91
pregnancy category
rating that summarizes the risk of using a particular drug during pregnancy (A, B, C, D, X) A is least likely to cause birth defects, X is most likely to cause birth defects
92
priapism
painful, prolonged erection
93
prophylaxis
measure of action taken to prevent disease
94
prostaglandins
group of chemicals naturally produced/released in the body for various functions, including promotion of inflammation
95
QT interval
time between the Q-wave and T-wave on an electrocardiogram
96
renal
pertaining to the kidneys
97
sedative-hypnotic
drug that induces sleep (tranquilizer)
98
serotonin syndrome
condition causes by excessive stimulation of serotonin receptors
99
solute
drug that is dissolved in a solution
100
solution
liquid that contains a dissolved drug; homogenous mixture of solute and solvent
101
solvent
liquid part of solution in which the solute is dissolved
102
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)
rare, serious disorder characterized by fever and severe skin rashes involving mucous membranes, usually a reaction to medication
103
stimulant
drug that increases nerve activity
104
stroke
event in which an area of the brain dies due to insufficient blood flow
105
sulfa allergy
allergy to the class of antibiotic knowns as sulfonamides
106
symptom
sign that indicated the presence of a medical condition, disease, or disorder
107
syncope
pass out, faint
108
tachycardia
abnormally rapid resting heart rate
109
tolerance
decreased sensitivity to a drug; acquired capacity to endure large doses with minimal effects
110
vasoconstrictor
drug that causes contraction/narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing volume of blood flowing through the vessel and increasing blood pressure
111
vasodilator
drug that causes expansion/relaxation of blood vessels, increases volume of the blood flowing through the vessel and decreases blood pressure
112
veins
blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the organs back to the heart
113
withdrawal
response to discontinuation of a drug to which a person had become physically/psychologically dependent
PTCE
flashcards
Decks in class (7)
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