What is the multi-store model?
Sensory input first moves to our sensory register, however 95% of it is dumped. It then goes into our short term memory, where it is either dumped or put through maintenance rehearsal where it can eventually be moved to long term memory.
What sort of model is the multi-store model?
It is a computer model using the terminology of a computer, and also comparing human mental processes to how a computer works.
What is a sequential process?
It has to follow one step after another, and all steps must be followed in order.
What is the capacity, duration and coding of sensory registration?
Capacity - unlimited.
Duration - half a second, 500 milliseconds.
Coding - modality based (senses).
What is memory ‘displacement’?
Our STM has a small number of items it can hold and manipulate at once, so when new information is learned, older items are either moved or pushed out of our STM, displacing them.
What is the Digit Span Technique?
A set of digits are shown to you, and the screen goes blank shortly after. You must remember these digits and repeat them. This is repeated with longer sets of digits each time until the participant fails.
What capacity for digits and letters did Jacobs find?
9.3 for digits and 7.3 for letters.
How can the capacity for STM be increased?
If we chunk information together, even more so if we can apply meaning to it.
What is Millers magical number?
7 + or -2
What is the duration of LTM?
Indefinite.
How does the STM code?
Mainly acoustically.
How does the LTM code?
Mainly semantically.
What are the components of working memory?
Central Executive
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Phonological loop
Episodic buffer
What is the central executive?
- In charge
- Allocates tasks
- Monitors and coordinates
- Actively processes and assigns tasks.
Wnat is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
- Codes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as their arrangement in visual fields.
- Visual cache, store for objects.
Inner scribe deals with spatial relations. - Used when you have to plan a spacial task.
What is the phonological loop?
- Deals with auditory info.
- Preserves order of info.
- Silently looped like an inner voice.
- Inner ear holds last thing you heard.
- Inner voice prepares words for speech.
What is the episodic buffer?
- General store for the C.E.
- Accesses LTM.
- Integrates all info.
- Processes memories in all modalities.
- Maintains a sense of time sequencing.
What are the criteria for dual tasking?
1) at least one task is easy
2) the tasks use different sub components.
What are the types of LTM?
- Episodic memory
- Semantic memory
- Procedural memory.
What are the sub types of LTM?
Explicit and implicit.
What is episodic memory?
- Explicit memory
- Personal memory of events
- Includes personal contextual activities
- Includes emotional details
What is semantic memory?
- Explicit memory.
- Facts and knowledge you know.
- Shared by everyone, not personal.
What is procedural memory?
- Implicit memory.
- Memory for how to do things
- Automatic due to repetition and practice.
- Allows us to focus on tasks at the other time.
What are the theories of forgetting?
- Interference
- Retrieval failure
