Memory

Question 1

Evaluation of the multi-store model

Answer 1

+ Research support: Baddeley, P&§P, Bahrick

+ Practical application: Revision

• Research against: Shallice and Warrington
• Oversimplified: Craik and Watkins

Question 2

Shallice and Warrington (evaluation of the MSM)

Answer 2

working memory model shows STM and LTM is much more complex as shown by Shallice and Warrington who found KF had good visual but bad verbal.

Question 3

Craik and Watkins

Answer 3

evidence to suggest there is more than one type of rehearsal. This led to Craik and Watkins introducing elaborate rehearsal to solidify the MSM.

Question 4

Evaluation of working memory model

Answer 4

+ Research support: Shallice and Warrington

• Sample bias: Case studie

+ Research support: Baddeley

• Artificial task: F task

+ More comprehensive explanation than MSM

Question 5

What did Shallice and Warrington find?

Answer 5

found that KF, who had brain accident, had good visual but bad verbal, suggests Phonological loop was damaged but visio sketchpad is fine. Therefore supporting that there is 2 slave systems,

Question 6

What was Baddeley’s procedure WWM?

Answer 6

carried out a visual tracking task on a screen. One group was told to describe the angles on a letter F while doing the tracking task while other group had to do a verbal task while doing the visual tracking task.

Question 7

Why was Shallice and Warrington’s research flawed?

Answer 7

bias sample: only being a one off case study which was extremely unique.

Question 8

What did Baddeley find WMM?

Answer 8

Describing the letter F was found to be much harder. Therefore suggesting we cannot use the same slave systems at the same time which supports the LTM aspect of the WMM.

Question 9

Why is Baddeley’s research flawed?

Answer 9

lacks ecological validity. artificial material and was not representative of real life.

Question 10

Evaluation of interference

Answer 10

+ Research support: McGeoch and McDonalds

• Artificial task

+ Research support: Baddeley’s

• Bias sample: Ruby players
• Alternative explanation: Retrieval failure

Question 11

How was McGeoch and McDonalds research flawed?

Answer 11

artificial material. For example the lists of words are not relevant to our everyday lives

Question 12

What did Baddeley and Hitch find?

Answer 12

found Rugby players could remember current season’s games and not last season’s week by week (Retroactive interference)

Question 13

How was Baddeley and Hitch research flawed?

Answer 13

Bias sample: Rugby players cannot be generalised

Question 14

Evaluation of retrieval failure

Answer 14

+ Research support: Goddan and Baddley

• Artificial environment

+ Research support: Carter and Cassaday

+ Practical application: revision aid

• Alternative explanations: Interference

Question 15

Evaluation of misleading information

Answer 15

+ Practical application: Police force

+ Scientific, Controlled: Lab, confounding variables irradiated

• Demand characteristics: figured out the aims of the study
• Lacks ecological validity: Artificial environment
• Bias sample: Loftus and Palmer, American

Question 16

practical application of Misleading information

Answer 16

police forces the explanation is useful as they now know the effects of leading questions and this means that the explanation is useful for improving the legal system.

Question 17

Evaluation of Anxiety

Answer 17

+ Research support: Yulle and Cutshall

+ Ecological validity: real life

• Case study: cannot be repeated
• Ethical issues: Psychological harm

+ Research support: Johnson and Scott

• Lacked control over cofounding variables
• Ethics: deception

Question 18

Evaluation of cognitive interview

Answer 18

+ Research Support: Kohkan

+ Research Support: Stein and Mermon

• Takes longer in comparison the SPI
• Quality of training needed: need quick and effective

Question 19

What did Kohkan find?

Answer 19

Kohkan found 34% better success rate with CI as oppose to the standard police interview (50 study meta-analysis)

Question 20

What did Stein and Memon find?

Answer 20

Stein and Memon found CI much more productive in Brazil as oppose to torture and other ill treatments.