Memory

Question 1

What are the differences between procedural memory and episodic memory?

Answer 1

• Procedural memories are memories of motor skills/actions/muscle memories; episodic memories are memories of life events.
• Procedural memories are unavailable for conscious inspection/difficult to explain verbally; episodic memories can be expressed verbally (declarative).
• Procedural memories may be more resistant to forgetting/amnesia.
• Each type of memory may reside in a different area of the brain.

Question 2

Which memory uses acoustic-based coding?

Answer 2

The short-term memory.

Question 3

Which memory uses semantic-based coding?

Answer 3

The long-term memory.

Question 4

What is one study into the effects of leading questions on eyewitness testimony?

Answer 4

Loftus and Palmer (1974) - estimates of speed based on changing verb in the critical question.

Question 5

What are some evaluations of research into misleading information?

Answer 5

• Real-life application - links to cognitive interview.
• Use of artificial materials in studies, e.g. films/videos - less anxiety-inducing than in real life.
• Demand characteristics in lab studies reduce validity.
• Lack of consequences in lab studies compared to real-life - Foster et al. (1994).
• Memory for important events/details is less susceptible to distortion.