Memory and Language-Lecture 2

Question 1

Phases of Memory

Answer 1

1. Acquisition/encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval

Question 2

Multi-Stode Model (Modal Model)

Answer 2

3 stores of memory; Sensory, working (Short-Term), Long-term
need sensory input to go to sensory memory, need attention to go into working memory, need encoding to go to long-term and need retrieval to go back to working memory

Question 3

Sensory, Working and long-term Memory loss cause (Multi-modal Model)

Answer 3

Unattended information is lost (Sensory)
Unrehearsed information is lost (Working)
some information may be lost over time (long-term)

Question 4

The Three memory stores (of multi-modal model) differ in…

Answer 4

…function
…capacity
…duration

Question 5

Function of Sensory Memory

Answer 5

• To keep sensory information in mind so we can attend to it
• Forms attomatically, doesn’t need attention
• To fill in blanks when there is intermittent stimulation

Question 6

Capacity of Sensory Memory (Iconic)

Answer 6

Large amount is held in iconic memory (perhaps anything entering the visual system)

Question 7

Duration of Sensory Memory (Iconic)

Answer 7

250-500 ms before either being lost or transfered to Short term Memory

Question 8

Duration of Sensory Memory (Echoic)

Answer 8

longer retention than iconic, about 2-4 seconds. Attention requried to transfer to STM

Question 9

Function of Short Term Memory (STM)

Answer 9

• Information picked from sensory memory to conscious awareness->conscious processing of recent and relevent information
• simple retention of small amounts of inofrmation for a short time

Question 10

Capacity of STM

Answer 10

Information is bottlenecked and the capacity is limited

Question 11

Duration of STM

Answer 11

Duration is limited, if it is not rehearsed, the information is lost within 15-20 seconds

Question 12

Function, Capacity and Duration of Long-term Memory (LTM)

Answer 12

Function
-organises and stores information
-Rehearsal needed to go from STM to LTM
Capacity
-Unlimited (?, not alot of research)
Duration
-Permanent (?, unknown)

Question 13

Recency Effect

Answer 13

Better Memory for last few items on a list compared to the rest (specifically the middle items)

Question 14

Primacy Effect

Answer 14

• Better memory for first few items on the list (usually not as good as last items)
• Taken as dissociation of memory function