MEMORY (psy rev.)

Question 1

input

Answer 1

sensory info we RECEIVE from the environment

Question 2

processing

Answer 2

the OPERATIONS we PERFORM on sensory info in the brain

Question 3

Output

Answer 3

the info we are able to RECALL

Question 4

encoding

Answer 4

TURNING sensory info into a form that can be used and STORED in the memory system

Question 5

storage

Answer 5

this is RETAINING the info in our memory system

Question 6

retrieval

Answer 6

this is when we RECALL a stored memory

Question 7

visual encoding

Answer 7

storing VISUAL input

Question 8

acoustic encoding

Answer 8

storing sound input

Question 9

semantic encoding

Answer 9

storing the meaning of input

Question 10

capacity

Answer 10

the amount of info that can be stored in a memory system

Question 11

duration

Answer 11

the AMOUNT of time that info can be STORED in a memory system

Question 12

short term memory
⭐duration
⭐capacity

Answer 12

TEMPORARY store, input can stay for up to 30 SECONDS w/out rehearsal. Can hold 5-9 BITS of info. acoustic encoding

w/out rehearsal new info will displace existing info or it’ll decay

Question 13

long term memory
⭐duration
⭐capacity

Answer 13

PERMANENT store, input can stay up to a LIFETIME. Potentially UNLIMITED capacity. semantic encoding

it can decay tho, show interference from new info or be UNABLE to be RETRIEVED

Question 14

displacement

Answer 14

when NEW input PUSHES out EXISTING input

Question 15

interference

Answer 15

NEW info OVERWRITES OLDER info

Question 16

rehearsal

Answer 16

repeating info over and over the help storage

Question 17

retrograde amnesia

Answer 17

INABILITY to RECALL EXISTING LTM from BEFORE brain injury

Question 18

anterograde amnesia

Answer 18

INABILITY to FORM NEW LTM AFTER brain injury

Question 19

amnesia

Answer 19

SEVERE MEMORY LOSS usually caused by a BRAIN INJURY

Question 20

schema

Answer 20

mental framework based on our experiences

Question 21

Transformation

Answer 21

CHANGING a memory

Question 22

Familarisation

Answer 22

CHANGING a memory so it SUITS what we’re FAMILIAR with

Question 23

Rationalisation

Answer 23

CHANGING a memory so it MAKES SENSE to us

Question 24

Omissions

Answer 24

MISSING out DETAILS

Question 25

bartletts theory weakness

Answer 25

supporting evidence lacks validity. only tested using UNREALISTIC STORIES and IMAGES. real memories of events or ppl might not be affected by schemas making evidence WEAK

Question 26

bartletts theory

Answer 26

participants RECALLED a STORY from 15 MINUTES to 10 YEARS. they RECONSTRUCTED the story, making OMISSIONS and TRANSFORMATIONS. e.g changed 'canoe' to 'boat' showing memory recall in inaccurate

Question 27

sensory register

Answer 27

first memory store where immediate input goes. like a filter for all sensory input- very SHORT DURATIONS. if attention paid, info transfers to the STM. if attention not paid, it decays and is forgotten

Question 28

STM memory store

Answer 28

if attention is paid to input, it transfers here. info usually encoded acoustically

Question 29

LTM memory store

Answer 29

if info rehearsed, transfers here. info semantically encoded.

Question 31

peterson and peterson

Answer 31

participants had to remember trigrams. recall was worse after 18 secs, showing short duration in stm. when rehearsed, recall got better

Question 32

murdock

Answer 32

participants were able to recall more word from the beginning of the list (primacy effect) and the end of list (recency effect) but few from middle

Question 33

evaluation of peterson/murdock

Answer 33

too simplistic (reductionist), doesnt explain there could be different types of ltm e.g. ltm for facts/experiences or skills

Question 34

how many participants in bartletts study

Answer 34

20 British 7 female 13 male

Question 35

bartletts study method/procedure

Answer 35

read war of the ghosts twice, recalled 15 min later. asked to recall again at a later time from 20 hrs to 10 yrs standardized procedure

Question 36

strength of bartletts study

Answer 36

bartlett repeated study w different stories and pics and results were consistent showing high reliability

Question 37

weakness of bartletts study

Answer 37

low ecological validity as it was an artificial memory test that peeps weren't familiar w. doesn't reflect everyday memory recall of events as peeps were asked to recall story multiple times, may have guessed aim and showed demand characteristics. may have realized bartlett expected them to change story each time

Question 38

peterson procedure

Answer 38

24 psy students read 3-digit number, then had to count backwards in threes to stop them rehearsing.(interference task) signalled red light to recall trigram after 3-18 (in 3s) seconds of backward counting. each peeps had 8 goes at each time delay

Question 39

peterson results

Answer 39

3 sec 80% got trigram right after 18 sec less than 10% got trigram right

Question 40

peterson weakness

Answer 40

24 students may not reflect others memory as students should have good memory but older adults might have it worse low ecological validity as artificial test of trigram doesn't reflect everyday memory recall

Question 41

peterson strength

Answer 41

standardised procedure sp study can be repreated to check consistency useful as it supportd multisotre model of memory's claim that stm has short duration.show we have 18