what did William James distinguish between?
primary memory (STM) and secondary memory (LTM)
what does Lashley’s law of mass action state?
memory deficit depends on amount of brain damage, not location
is Lashley’s theory fully supported today?
no- specific regions are crucial
what are the three stores in the multi store model?
sensory memory, STM, LTM
what key idea does it propose?
information flows from STM to LTM
what surgery did H.M. undergo?
bilateral medial temporal lobe removal
why was the surgery performed?
to treat severe epilepsy
what major deficits did H.M. show?
anterograde amnesia (cannot form new memories)
what is retrograde amnesia?
loss of past memories
did H.M. have retrograde amnesia?
partial (recent memories lost, childhood intact)
what does H.M. demonstrate about the hippocampus?
it is critical for forming new long term memories
what is episodic memory?
memory for events with time and place context
what happens after hippocampal damage?
episodic memory is impaired
what was H.M.’s IQ?
112 (normal)
was H.M.’s STM impaired?
no
what was his memory quotient (MQ)?
67 (impaired)
what does this dissociation show?
memory and intelligence are separate systems
how long could H.M. retain information?
up to around 40s
what does this show?
STM and LTM are separate systems
which brain region supports working memory?
frontal cortex (especially PFC)
what deficits do frontal patients show?
poor organised speech and working memory errors
what happens at higher memory loads?
more erros in frontal patients
what is persistent activity? (Fuster, 1972)
continued neuronal firing after stimulus disappears, observed in the PFC
what happens when dopamine is depleted?
working memory is impaired
