Meta - Ethics

Question 1

What is the primary focus of meta - ethics, compared to normative ethics?

Answer 1

The nature and meaning of morality, rather than specific right or wrong actions.

Question 2

Moral Realism

Answer 2

Moral properties are facts which exist in reality.

Question 3

Moral Anti - Realism

Answer 3

Moral Properties do not exist in reality.

Question 4

Ethical language expresses beliefs about reality, which can either be true or false

Answer 4

Cognitivism

Question 5

Ethical language expresses non - cognitive states like emotions, not beliefs.

Answer 5

Non - cognitivism.

Question 6

In Meta-Ethics, a statement which could be true or false is _____ - ___.

Answer 6

Truth-apt.

Question 7

Which theory identifies goodness with a natural property in the physical world, such as pleasure, or flourishing?

Answer 7

Ethical Naturalism

Question 8

David Hume’s claim that moral judgements cannot be logically inferred from factual premises is known as the __/_____ _______

Answer 8

Is/Ought Problem

Question 9

The error of defining Good in terms of natural properties like pleasure.

Answer 9

The Naturalistic Fallacy

Question 10

The Open Question Argument

Answer 10

‘Is Pleasure good?’ is a meaningful question, because goodness and pleasure are not identical in meaning.

Question 11

Yellow

Answer 11

G.E. Moore used the colour yellow to show that ‘good’ is a simple, indefinable, concept.

Question 12

Intuitionism

Answer 12

Moral truths are non - natural facts known through a self - evident moral sense.

Question 13

In J.L Mackie’s ‘Argument from Queerness’, what is the ‘metaphysical’ objection to moral realism?

Answer 13

Objective moral values would be entirely different to anything else within our universe.

Question 14

The objection that we lack a specific faculty to perceive Wobjective moral values is the _______________ branch of Mackie’s argument from Queerness.

Answer 14

Epistomological

Question 15

Which argument uses the existence of fundamental cross - cultural moral disagreements as evidence against moral realism?

Answer 15

The Argument from Relativity.

Question 16

A.J Ayer’s Emotivism

Answer 16

Moral judgements are mere expressions of emotional approval / disapproval.

Question 17

A.J Ayer’s Verification Principle

Answer 17

A statement is only meaningful if it is empirically verifiable or analytic.

Question 18

Prescriptivism

Answer 18

R.M Hare - Moral statements are universalizable commands.

Question 19

Error Theory

Answer 19

Moral language is cognitive, but all moral beliefs are false because objective moral values don’t exist.

Question 20

Quote!

David Hume

Answer 20

Reason is and ought only to be the slave of the passions