Metabolic Integration

Question 1

Can acetyl CoA be converted into glucose?

Answer 1

No. Its the point of no return, where ATP must be produced

Question 2

Blood glucose is required by…

Answer 2

1. red blood cells (no mito.)
2. CNS (bc. of blood brain barrier) > can use ketones too
3. Krebs Cycle

Question 3

What does insulin do? When is it active (what state?)

Answer 3

- Anabolic hormone active in fed state
- increase glucose and AA uptake
- increase glycogen and protein synthesis
- increase TAG synthesis and storage

Question 4

What does glucagon do? When is it active (what state?)

Answer 4

- Catabolic hormone active in post-absorptive
- increase glycogen, protein and fat breakdown
- increase gluconeogensis from AAs and glycerol

Question 5

What do corticosteroids do? When is it active (what state?)

Answer 5

- Catabolic hormones active during fasted state
- increases muscle catabolism
- increases gluconeogenesis from AAs

Question 6

What do catecholamines do? When is it active (what state?)

Answer 6

- Catabolic hormones active during starvation
- increase glycogenolysis and lipolysis

Question 7

What happens in the fed state?

(what happens in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue?)

Answer 7

Muscles:
- protein and glycogen synthesis

Liver:
- blood glucose is cleared
- urea cycle is active

Adipose Tissue:
- TAG synthesis

Question 8

What happens in the post-absorptive state?

(what happens in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue?)

Answer 8

Muscles:
- glycogen breakdown
- protein catabolism

Liver:
- glycogen breakdown
- urea cycle is active

Adipose Tissue:
- nothing lol

Question 9

What happens in the fasted state?

(what happens in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue?)

Answer 9

Muscles:
- protein catabolism

Liver:
- production and secretion of glucose via gluconeogenesis
- urea cycle activity reduced

Adipose Tissue:
- TAGs begin to be lipolysed

Question 10

What happens in the starving state?

(what happens in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue?)

Answer 10

Muscles:
- less protein synthesis (to preserve muscle)

Liver:
- ketone production
- urea cycle is minimally active

Adipose Tissue:
- TAG lipolysis