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Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

process of getting metal from the earth

A

metal is mined, washed then heated and the pure metal ore is run off; known as smelting

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2
Q

where do metals come from

A

a metal ore

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3
Q

what is a ferrous metal

A
  • metals that contain iron
  • metals that are magnetic
  • metals that will rust without a protective coating if exposed to moisture
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4
Q

why add small amounts of other compounds or metals to ferrous metals

A
  • to enhance its properties
    eg carbon = hardness
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5
Q

what type of metal is low carbon steel

A

ferrous

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6
Q

what stock forms can low carbon steel come in

A

-round, hexagonal, flat, square bars
-sheets

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7
Q

what is low carbon steel made of

A

small amounts of carbon and oxygen (oxygen turns it into steel)

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8
Q

what does adding carbon to iron do

A

creates a hard but brittle metal

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9
Q

what does adding oxygen to iron do

A

creates steel, a very strong metal

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10
Q

what are the performance characteristics of low carbon steel

A
  • tough
  • high bending / torsion resistance
  • ductile
  • malleable
  • lightweight
  • poor resistance to oxidising if not protected
  • good ability to be alloyed
  • good ability to take applied coatings and finishes eg chrome
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11
Q

what processes does low carbon steel work well with

A
  • forming processes
  • welding processes
  • brazing
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12
Q

what are common uses for low carbon steel

A
  • nuts and bolts
  • car body parts
  • construction girders
  • washing machine body
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13
Q

low carbon steel melting point

A

1450 degrees

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14
Q

what type of metals is stainless steel

A

ferrous and alloy

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15
Q

what is stainless steel made of,
what do these components do to stainless steel

A

chromium, nickel and iron
make it less sensitive to oxidising

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16
Q

what stock form does stainless steel come in

A
  • sheets
  • round, hexagonal, square, flat bars
  • tubes
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17
Q

what are the performance characteristics of stainless steel

A
  • resistant to corrosion and rust with moisture
  • hardness
  • can be recycled
  • easily cleaned
  • tough
  • malleable
  • tensile
  • chemical resistance
  • thermal insulator
  • good ability to be alloyed and finished
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18
Q

the addition of chromium to stainless steel does what

A

add a protective layer against rust and corrosion

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19
Q

Does stainless steel have a high melting point?
What melting point does stainless steel have?

A
  • high
    1530 degrees
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20
Q

what are common uses for stainless steel

A
  • kitchen sinks
  • cutlery
  • pots and pans
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21
Q

what is high speed steel made of

A

tungsten + steel (iron and oxygen)

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22
Q

high speed steel is what type of metal

A

ferrous and alloy

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23
Q

what are the stock forms from high speed steel

A
  • round, hexagonal, square , flat bars
  • sheets
  • tubes
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24
Q

what are the performance characteristics of high speed steel

A
  • withstand high temperatures without losing its hardness
  • resistant to corrosion
  • good ability to be alloyed
  • good ability to be coated and finished
  • very brittle
  • tough
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25
what processes are good for high speed steel
- high machining processes because of its high temperatures
26
does high speed steel have a high melting point? what is the melting point of high speed steel?
yes 4680°C
27
what processes does stainless steel use
cutting and welding BUT needs specialist equipment as it is hard
28
what type of metal is medium carbon steel?
Ferrous
29
what type of metal is cast iron
ferrous
30
cast iron is made of
iron and carbon
31
cast iron characteristics
- compression resistant - hard - very brittle - good fusibility - rusting resistant - easily cast into ornate shapes - good ability to be alloyed and coated
32
cast iron uses
- manhole covers - fireplaces - radiator - pot and pans
33
ideal cast iron process and why
casting due to its good fusibility
34
what is a non - ferrous metal
- metal that doesn't have iron or contain iron, - not magnetic
35
what type of metal is aluminium
non ferrous
36
aluminium characteristics include
- lightweight - ductile - malleable - good corrosion resistance - good conductor of electricity - is recyclable - can be heat welded
37
aluminium uses
- car body parts - plane body parts - fizzy drink cans
38
copper metal type is
non ferrous
39
copper characteristics
- malleable - ductile - good electrical conductor - can be recycled - will tarnish and change colour - can be soldered and brazed
40
copper uses
- electrical wire casing
41
zinc metal type
non-ferrous
42
zinc characteristics
- low melting point - good corrosion resistance
43
zinc melting point
420 degrees
44
aluminium melting point
660 degrees
45
copper melting point
1083 degrees
46
cast iron melting point
1427 degrees
47
zinc uses
galvanising steel as a protective coating for dustbins, die castings, buckets
48
silver metal type
non ferrous
49
silver characteristics
- malleable - ductile - corrosion resistant - can be soldered
50
silver melting point
962 degrees
51
silver uses
jewellery cutlery plating other materials
52
gold metal type
non ferrous
53
gold characterstics
- malleable - ductile - can be soldered - corrosion resistant
54
gold melting point
1063 degrees
55
gold uses
- jewellery - electric components - cutlery
56
titanium charactersictis
- hard - like steel but lightweight - only thing that the body doesn't reject - high resistance to corrosion - highest strength to weight ratio
57
titanium uses
- hip/joint replacements - aircraft bodies - tooth implants - jewellery - bike frames
58
Titanium melting point
1668 degrees
59
tin metal type
non ferrous
60
tin characteristics
ductile malleable low melting point corrosion resistant good ability to be alloyed
61
tin melting point
232 degrees
62
tin uses
coating for food cans soft solder rarely used in it pure form
63
what is an alloy
metal made of two or more metals or elements
64
die steel (tool steel) metal type
ferrous alloy
65
die steel characteristics
- hard - tough - wear resistant
66
die steel uses
- blanking punches and dies - fine press tools
67
what type of metal is bronze
non ferrous alloy
68
bronze is made of
tin and copper
69
bronze characteristics
tough corrosion resistant good ability to be cast brittle hard
70
bronze uses
- coins - statues
71
bronze melting point
850 - 1000
72
brass metal type
non ferrous alloy
73
brass is made of
copper and zinc
74
brass characteristics
corrosion resistant good electric and thermal conductor good ability to be casted sonorous hard brittle
75
brass uses
boat fittings door handles taps musical instruments
76
brass melting point
930
77
duralumin metal type
non ferrous alloy
78
duralumin characteristics
- hard (becomes harder as it is worked) - tough - lightweight - ductile
79
duralumin is made of
aluminium copper magnesium
80
pewter metal type
non ferrous alloy
81
duralumin uses
aircraft bodies vehicle parts
82
pewter characteristics
malleable low melting point naturally dulls over time good ability to be casted, alloyed
83
pewter is made of
tin and lead
84
pewter melting point is
170
85
pewter uses
flasks photo frames sport trophies jewellery toy statues
86
stock forms of metal
bar tube plate sheet
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