Metho Lecture 7 (Sampling & Data collection)

Question 1

What is Probability Sampling?

Answer 1

• typically in quantitative research
• population: the collection of all units of a specified type in a region at a point/period of time
• sampling frame: boundaries of sampling units
• sample: segment of the sampling frame

decreasing order of size: population, sampling frame, sample

(e.g. All Dutch people, all dutch included in phone book, every 10,000th entry)

Question 2

Types of probability sampling

Answer 2

Simple random sample
(one person is pointed at in a crowd with eyes closed)
Systematic sample
(every 5th person)
- stratified random sample
- multi-stage cluster sample

Question 3

respondent

Answer 3

Befragter

Question 4

Stratified random sampling

Answer 4

• ensures that you include enough respondents from different groups
• divide population into mutually exclusive groups
• goal: increase precision

Question 5

multi-stage cluster sampling

Answer 5

population, cluster one, random sample –> sample one
population, cluster two, random sample –> sample two
…

difference to stratified sampling: cost reduction, not precision

Question 6

What are probability samples used for?

Answer 6

• enables generalization of results beyond sample, to population
• make statements about average (or mean) scores in population

Question 7

What is Non-probability sampling?

Answer 7

• typically in qualitative research

Question 8

Non-probability sampling:

Quota sampling:

Answer 8

• Quota sampling: ensures that you include enough respondents from different groups, with nonrandom selection of elements
• convenience sampling: sample easily available to the researcher

Question 9

Non-probability sampling: positive/judgmental sampling:

Answer 9

select those cases that help you best answer your research question, very small sample

Question 10

Non-probability sampling: snowball sampling:

Answer 10

asking selected respondents to nominate or appoint subsequent respondents

Question 11

Non-probability sampling:

self-selection sampling:

Answer 11

publicise your need for participants and collect data based on who responds

Question 12

Types of interviews

Answer 12

• structured/standardized
• semi-structured
• unstructured/in-depth

Question 13

• structured/standardized interview

Answer 13

• survey
• deductive
• closed ended answers
• structured operationalization (Messbarmachung)

Question 14

• semi-structured interview

Answer 14

• very common
• theory-driven, but leaves room for undiscovered elements (inductive)
• semi-structured operationalization (Messbarmachung)

Question 15

• unstructured/in-depth interview

Answer 15

• theory building
• narrative interview
• no operationalization (Messbarmachung)