MICRO

Question 1

viscous, gelatinous layer composed of polysaccharide/polypeptide

Answer 1

GLYCOCALYX

Question 2

external layer which is unorganized & loosely attached

Answer 2

SLIME LAYER

Question 3

organized, firmly attached

Answer 3

CAPSULE

Question 4

organ of locomotion

Answer 4

FLAGELLA

Question 5

movement of flagella

Answer 5

run & tumble

Question 6

movement in response to the presence of a chemical

Answer 6

CHEMOTAXIS

Question 7

protein in flagella

Answer 7

FLAGELLIN

Question 8

structure for motility found in spirochetes

Answer 8

AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA

Question 9

Positioned beneath the bacterial outer membrane

Answer 9

AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA

Question 10

AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA motion

Answer 10

Corkscrew motion

Question 11

-Maintains cell integrity and regulates transport

-Specialized Function (Respiration, photosynthesis, protein secretion)

Answer 11

CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

Question 12

• a liquid part that contains the enzyme, storage
  granules, viscous aqueous suspension of protein, nucleic acid, dissolved organic compounds, mineral salts

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

Storage granules AKA

Answer 13

“Metachromatic granules” / “Volutin granules”

Question 14

“Bacterial spores” Specialized resting cells Highly durable and resistant to extreme conditions

Answer 14

ENDOSPORE

Question 15

vegetative cells form an endospore (vegetative →
endospore)

Answer 15

SPORULATION & SPOROGENESIS

Question 16

endospore becomes vegetative cells (endospore → vegetative cells)

Answer 16

GERMINATION

Question 17

Heat resistant by endospores is attributed to

Answer 17

DIPICOLINIC ACID

Question 18

-Proteinaceous, hair-like appendage; shorter, and thinner than flagella
-For bacterial conjugation

Answer 18

PILI

Question 19

• process of transferring the genetic material from plasmid of F+ to F-

Answer 19

Conjugation

Question 20

protein of Pili

Answer 20

Pilin

Question 21

Attachment or adherence, making the bacterium look like porcupine

Answer 21

COMMON PILI / ATTACHMENT PILI / FIMBRIAE

Question 22

-DNA Transfer
-Adherence and bacterial mating in conjugation

Answer 22

SEX PILI / CONJUGATED PILI / F PILI / F+

Question 23

SEX PILI / CONJUGATED PILI / F PILI / F+ is a virulence factor of

Answer 23

Neisseria gonorrhea

Question 24

• Outer covering of most bacterial, fungal, algae, and plant cells
• Gives shape and resistance to lysis by osmotic shock
  -Basis of gram-staining and consists of peptidoglycan

Answer 24

CELL WALL

Question 25

Peptidoglycan aka

Answer 25

Murein

Question 26

Protein synthesis: 70s made up of 50 s and 30s subunits

Answer 26

RIBOSOMES

Question 27

-nuclear area or nucleoid -bacterial chromosome

Answer 27

GENOME

Question 28

-Self-replicating piece of circular DNA -small, circular, special type of DNA -antibiotic resistance

Answer 28

PLASMIDS

Question 29

- Aqueous or alcohol solution of a single basic dye - e.g., Methylene blue and Malachite green - Used to highlight microorganisms to determine cellular shapes and arrangements

Answer 29

SIMPLE STAIN

Question 30

one of the most useful procedures because it classifies bacteria into two large groups: gram (+) and gram (-)

Answer 30

GRAM STAIN

Question 31

used to distinguish mycobacterium species & some species of Nocardia

Answer 31

ACID FAST STAIN

Question 32

Not a cell staining → Background (+) Result: Colorless against a dark background

Answer 32

NEGATIVE STAINING METHOD

Question 33

Donor cells lyse, a fragment of DNA is released and passed into a recipient cell

Answer 33

TRANSFORMATION

Question 34

It involves two live bacteria, donor and recipient, with the transfer of genetic material from a plasmid. The donor is F+, has fertility factor and codes for sex pilus

Answer 34

CONJUGATION

Question 35

The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by a transducing phage or bacteriophage (virus affecting the bacteria)

Answer 35

TRANSDUCTION

Question 36

Process of transferring genes through the so called “jumping genes” → Transposon

Answer 36

TRANSPOSITION

Question 36

 Changes in DNA sequence which may include base substitution,

Answer 36

MUTATIONS