Most common cause of infective endocarditis in 1. IV drug users 2. Non-IV drug users

1. Staph Aureus (gram positive coccus) 2. Strep Viridans (gram positive coccus + Optochin resistant)

African Sleeping Sickness Causative organism: 1. Acute infection (weeks - month) 2. Chronic infection (months - years)

1. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense 2. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (more common)

Chagas Disease 1. Organism 2. Vector 3. Presentation

1. Trypanasoma Cruzi 2. Reduviid bug (South America) 3. In the acute phase, patients may experience non-specific symptoms such as fever, lethargy, diarrhoea, and vomiting. A characteristic feature, but one which occurs in less than 50 per cent of cases, is a purplish swelling of the eyelids (called Romana’s sign). To put this all together, picture Tom Cruise (Trypanosoma cruzi) starring in a gladiator film as a Roman (Romana’s sign) wearing purple sunglasses (swollen eyelids) and being kissed (kissing bugs) by lots of fans ‘ready with their video cameras’ (reduviid!)

Micro Buzzwords Flashcards by Don't Worry

Optochin Sensitive = ?

Streptococcus pneumoniae!

Streptococcus viridans is RESISTANT

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14 - 3 - 3 protein = ?

CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)

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Causative organism of Lyme Disease = ?

Borrelia burgdorferi (Gram negative)

Spircohaete (helically coiled under microscope)

Vector = Ixodes tick

Treatment = Oral Doxycycline

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Growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium = ?

Mycobacterium species (usually tuberculosis)

Ziehl-Neelson stain is also commonly used

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Thick, red, blood-stained “red-currant jelly” sputum = ?

Kelbsiella Pneumoniae (gram negative rod) - atypical pneumonia

Common in ALCOHOLICS

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Most common cause of infective endocarditis in

IV drug users
Non-IV drug users

Staph Aureus (gram positive coccus)

2. Strep Viridans (gram positive coccus + Optochin resistant)

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Anti-viral - guanosine

analogue and acts as a substrate for viral thymidine kinase = ?

Acyclovir - effective against herpes simplex + herpes zoster (shingles)

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Most common cause of UTI in women = ?

E. Coli (lactose-fermenting gram negative rod)

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‘rice-water’ stool - profuse watery diarrhoea = ?

Vibrio Cholerae (gram negative comma-shaped bacteria)

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‘Kala-azar’ = ?

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Common clinical features include
fever and splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly, skin hyperpigmentation and dry
warty skin occur less frequently, and bone marrow invasion can result in pancytopenia.

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Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium used to grow = ?

Leishmania

major
dovani
braziliensis

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Most common cause of BV (bacterial vaginosis) = ?

Gardnerella vaginalis

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African Sleeping Sickness

Causative organism:

Acute infection (weeks - month)
Chronic infection (months - years)

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

2. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (more common)

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Chagas Disease

Organism
Vector
Presentation

Trypanasoma Cruzi
Reduviid bug (South America)
In the acute phase,
patients may experience non-specific symptoms such as fever, lethargy,
diarrhoea, and vomiting. A characteristic feature, but one which occurs
in less than 50 per cent of cases, is a purplish swelling of the eyelids
(called Romana’s sign). To put this all together, picture Tom Cruise
(Trypanosoma cruzi) starring in a gladiator film as a Roman (Romana’s sign) wearing purple sunglasses (swollen eyelids) and being kissed
(kissing bugs) by lots of fans ‘ready with their video cameras’ (reduviid!)

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‘flying saucers’ on Gomori’s methenamine silver stain = Which organism?

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Fungus

AIDS defining illness

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Pnuemonia with hyponatraemia = ?

Legionella

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Pneumonia from unpasteurized milk / refrigerated food = ?

Listeria monocytogenes

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Swimming in ‘contaminated warer’, presenting with bloody diarrhoea, anaemia + thrombocytopenia (HUS)

E. Coli

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Foul smelling steatorrhoea + pear shaped organism = ?

GIardia lamblia

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Pnuemonia in COPD + heavy smoker = organism?

H. Influenzae

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Pnuemonia post influenza infection = organism?

S. Aureus (+ve cocci ‘grape bunch clusters’)

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Pnuemonia in heavy drinker (+ haemoptysis) = organism?

Klebsiella pneumonia (-ve rod, enterobacter)

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Pnuemonia in CF = organism?

Pseudomonas, (Burkholderia cepacia too)

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1st line treatment of uncomplicated chlamydia?

Azithromycin STAT + doxycycline 100mg BD

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1st line treatment of syphilis?

IM Benzyl Penicillin

Chocolate agar medium = ?

Chancroid - Haemophilus ducreyi

Antibiotic that can cause Grey baby syndrome

Chloramphenicol

Treatment for PCP

Co-trimoxazole

Pneumonia causing bacteria which also causes reactivation of Herpes Simplex -> Cold sores

Strep Pneumoniae

HBsAg 1. What is it? 2. What does +ve indicate?

1. Hep. B surface antigen | 2. +ve in those with acute or chronic Hep. B

Anti-HBs 1. What is it? 2. What does +ve indicate?

1. IgG antibody produced after host has cleared the infection 2. +ve in those who have recovered / been vaccinated

HBeAg 1. What is it? 2. What does +ve indicate?

1. Marker of infectivity! | 2. +ve means the patient is highly infective

Anti-HBc IgM 1. What is it? 2. What does +ve indicate?

1. Marker of acute infection | 2. +ve indicates patient has been recently infected - acute infection

Anti-HBc IgG 1. What is it? 2. What does +ve indicate?

1. Marker of chronic infection | 2. Persists lifelong after infection

Treatment for C. Diff

Oral metronidazole for 14 days Followed by vancomycin if met fails

Superantigen causing bacteria

Staph Aureus

Thayer–Martin VCN media used to grow

Neisseria species

Meningism in HIV

Cryptococcus neoformans

India Ink stain reveals yeast cells with surrounding halos (on examination of CSF)

Cryptococcus neoformans

Organism causing Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

Chlamydia trachomatis

Clue cells + 'fishy' vag discharge

Bacterial vaginosis

1st line treatment for Staph Aureus

Flucloxacillin (can cause cholestatic jaundice)

1st line treatment for UTIs

Trimethoprim

Treatment for MRSA

IV Vancomycin

1st line treatment for Neisseria meningitidis

Ceftriaxone (may be Cefotaxime in EMQs) Also used for pyelonephritis + sepsis secondary to HAP

Virus that binds to sialic acid receptors in the upper resp tract

Influenza

Treatment given to HIV patients with hepatitis B

Interferon-α (pegylated IFN-α used for treatment of Hep C) pegylated = attachment of polyethylene glycol

Treatment given to HIV patients with Influenza

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Treatment / Prophylaxis for CMV

Gancyclovir (also used for HHV-6 and EBV)

Cause of oral thrush in HIV

Candida albicans

Cause of Pityriasis versicolour

Malassezia furfur

'Spaghetti and meatballs' appearance under microscope of rash causing hyperpigmented spots

Pityriasis versicolour

Rash caused by prick from rose thorns

Sporothrix schenckii

Parotid swelling + raised amylase in unvaccinated child

Mumps

Child with developmental delay, sensorineural deafness, cataracts and cardiac abnormalities

Rubella

Treatment for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)

IV Cefotaxime

Form of malaria parasite which invades erythrocytes

Merozite

Which group of antibiotics is bacteriostatic and acts on 50S ribosomes to interfere with mRNA translation

Macrolides

Positive Paul Bunnell test

Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

Infection associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (note - not HIV)

HHV 8

Infection associated with pneumonitis

Cytomegalovirus

Gram-negative curved rod, whose toxin affects adenyl cyclase. Its major cause of death is shock, metabolic acidosis and renal failure.

Vibrio Cholera

This microbe affects mainly the distal colon, producing acute mucosal inflammation and erosion. It is spread by person-to-person contact, and its clinical features include fever, pain, diarrhoea and dysentery.

Shigella

This microbe affects the ileum, appendix and colon. Its peyer patch invasion leads to mesenteric lymph node enlargement with necrotising granulomas. Complication can include peritonitis, pharyngitis and pericarditis.

Yersinia

Treatment for giardasis

Metronidazole

Vomiting following Chinese takeaway (usually some form of rice)

Bacillus cereus

S-shaped microaerophillic bacteria causing fever + diarrhoea

Campylobacter

IVDU presenting with fever, jaundice and hepatomegaly

Hep B

CSF from a patient with suspected meningitis Appearance - Yellow / cloudy White cells - raised, mostly neutrophils Protein - >1mg/dl (raised) Glucose -

Bacterial meningitis

CSF from a patient with suspected meningitis Appearance - Clear White cells - raised, mostly lymphocytes Protein - normal or slightly raised Glucose - normal

Viral meningitis

CSF from a patient with suspected meningitis Appearance - Yellow / turbid White cells - raised, mostly lymphocytes Protein - slightly increased Glucose - decreased

TB meningitis

Cause of meningitis is unvaccinated child

H. influenzae

Rapid onset alzheimers + movement disturbances. EEG shows periodic sharp waves.

CJD

The 2nd commonest cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women

Staph saprophyticus

Can be used as monotherapy for acute pyelonephritis

Ciprofloxacin

A cephalosporin used for treating pseudomonal infections in cystic fibrosis

Ceftazidime

Treatment for invasive diarrhea (bloody stool + fever)

Ciprofloxacin

Most common cause of osteomyelitis

Staph Aureus

Micro Buzzwords Flashcards

(78 cards)