micro-organisms

Question 1

how are all organisms on earth classified?

Answer 1

classified into the five kingdoms.

Question 2

what are the five kingdoms?

Answer 2

1) kingdom Plantae
2) Kingdom Animalia
3) Kingdom Fungi
4) Kingdom Protista
5) Kingdom Monera

Question 3

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Plantae

Answer 3

• multi-cellular organisms are able to photosynthesis.

Question 4

examples of organisms in Kingdom Plantae

Answer 4

1) flowering plants
2) ferns
3) mosses

Question 5

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Animalia

Answer 5

• heterotrophic animals
• multi-cellular
• their source of food depends if they are herbivores/ carnivores

Question 6

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Fungi

Answer 6

• either saprophytes or parasites.
• some are unicellular and microscopically small.

Question 7

examples of organisms in Kingdom Fungi

Answer 7

1) yeasts
2) moulds
3) mushrooms

Question 8

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Protista

Answer 8

• eukaryotic
• unicellular organisms

Question 9

examples of organisms in Kingdom Protista

Answer 9

1) animal-like protozoa
2) unicellular algae
3) slime moulds
4) water mould

Question 10

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Monera

Answer 10

• includes all the prokaryotic organisms

Question 11

an example of an organism in the Kingdom Monera

Answer 11

bacteria

Question 12

what are prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 12

the cells in these organisms do not have a nucleus or any cellular bodies. their genetic material (DNA) is not encased in a nucleus.

Question 13

what are eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 13

the cells in these organisms contain a variety of cellular bodies called organelles. the various vital functions (metabolism) of the cell occur in these organelles.

Question 14

when are micro-organisms useful?

Answer 14

when they play a role in the ecosystem as decomposers of dead plant and animal matter.

Question 15

why is that process essential?

Answer 15

it recycles essential nutrients into the soil.

Question 16

when are micro-organisms harmful?

Answer 16

when they cause disease in plants and animals.

Question 17

how are micro-organisms divided?

Answer 17

1) viruses
2) kingdom Monera
3) kingdom Fungi
4) kingdom protista

Question 18

why aren’t viruses seen as living organisms?

Answer 18

they show no characteristics of life and can only multiply inside living organisms.

Question 19

characteristics of viruses?

Answer 19

1) consist of a protein capsule that surrounds a nucleic acid.
2) are very small.
3) size varies from 10 nm to 200 nm.
4) have symmetrical shapes
5) distributed in means of food, contact and vectors.

Question 20

what is bacteriophage?

Answer 20

a type of virus that feeds onto bacteria.

Question 21

what are some diseases caused by viruses?

Answer 21

• common colds
• influenza
• polio
• chicken pox
• fever blisters
• HIV/AIDS
• Covid-19

Question 22

how can bacteria be defined.

Answer 22

organisms that contain nuclear material and are surrounded by a membrane.

Question 23

where can bacteria be found?

Answer 23

in the air, soil, water, dead and living matter

Question 24

what is the common size of bacteria?

Answer 24

5 um to less than 1 um

Question 25

how can bacteria be classified according to their shape?

Answer 25

round / spherical: cocci rod- shaped: bacillus spiral-shaped: spirillum

Question 26

who was Robert Koch?

Answer 26

he was a German bacteriologist during the 19th century and is generally considered to be one of the two founders of modern bacteriology. Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacterium in 1882. In 1905, Koch won the Nobel Prize for physiology or Medicine "for his investigation and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"

Question 27

an example of a useful bacteria.

Answer 27

fermenting bacteria = acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria

Question 28

what are some diseases caused by harmful bacteria?

Answer 28

* tuberculosis * diphtheria * Gastirc fever

Question 29

name the disease caused by rotting food that causes severe food poisoning?

Answer 29

Salmonella

Question 30

what is the result of misuse of antibiotics against TB?

Answer 30

TB spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes, causing the air droplets containing the bacteria, to infect many other people. Because of the misuse of antibiotics, TB bacteria have become resistant to a number of treatments.

Question 31

true of false: fungi can only be unicellular.

Answer 31

false. fungi can be multi-cellular and unicellular

Question 32

true or false: fungi are eukaryotic because they contain a nucleus

Answer 32

true.

Question 33

what do fungi depend on to live?

Answer 33

fungi depend on depend organic matter in order to live as they are heterotrophic organisms

Question 34

why are yeast cells useful to bakers and brewers?

Answer 34

yeast cells convert sugars into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Question 35

what is used to manufacture antibiotics?

Answer 35

a useful microscopic fungus called Penicillium