Antimicrobials > MicroB intro > Flashcards

MicroB intro Flashcards

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1
Q

Staphlococcus aureus

A

Genus- Staphlococcus

Species- aureus

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2
Q

Bacterial genome type

A
  1. circular DNA
  2. plasmids
  3. -/+ RNA
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3
Q

Prokaryotic nature of bacteria

A
  1. no nuclear membrane
  2. no mitochondria
  3. micrometre range
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4
Q

3 ways of transfer of DNA in bacteria

A
  1. Conjugation (plasmid mediated)
  2. Transduction (bacteriophage)
  3. Transformation (free DNA picked up from env.)
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5
Q

What are the antibiotic resistance genes?

A
  1. NDM-1: enzyme against carbapenems
  2. TEM: ag penicillins
  3. MCR-1: colistin
  4. toxins also confer resistance
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6
Q

What are the bacteria surface components?

A
  1. LPS endotoxin – outer membrane of gram -ve bact
    * as +ve no outer member
  2. fimbriae/pili: adherence fn
  3. flagella: move
  4. capsules: protect from immune response
  5. most bact contain peptidoglycan
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7
Q

Some bacteria no cell wall. Give an example.

A

Mycoplasma– atypicals

hence cannot use cell wall synthesis inhibitors (except 5th gen cephalosporins)

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8
Q

Which bacteria forms spores?

A

Bacillus spp, Clostridium spp.

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9
Q

What are fungi?

A

eukaryotes,
2 forms- hyphal (mould), yeast
airborne spores

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10
Q

What are protozoas & helminths?

A

protozoa- unicellular eukaryote (amoeba, flagellates, apicomplexans)

vs helminths- multicellular eukaryote (nematodes, trematodes, cestodes)

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11
Q

What are prions?

A
  • no DNA/RNA, no cells, not living
  • just proteins
  • abnormal 3D conf of normal protein, resistant to degradation by heat–> cellular malfn

eg CJD, BSE, Scrapie (sheep)

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12
Q

How do gram +ve & -ve look different under gram stain?

A
  1. +ve dark blue

2. -ve red

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13
Q

What cannot be seen under gram stain?

A
  1. TB ziehl-neelsen or auramine fluorescent stain
  2. trepnoema pallidum (syphilis)- dark ground illumination
  3. mycoplasma
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14
Q

What does a clone of bacteria appear as on solid media agar?

A

single colony

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