microbial genetics

Question 1

transforming bacteria

Answer 1

transforming dna

avirulent dna turned to virulent dna by purifying/isolating dna from virulent dna and introducing it to avirulent bacteria

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

nucleotide= building block of DNA

nitrogenous base + five carbon sugar + three phosphate groups

can be deoxy or just normal

Question 3

nitorgenous bases

Answer 3

nitrogenous bases

• purine- 2 rings
  
  • adenine
  • guanine
• pyrimidine- 1 ring (6 molecules)
  
  • cytosine
  • thymine
  • uracil

** base + sugar = nucleoside

The nitrogenous bases form the bonds that connect the two strands. sugar and phosphate is the backbone

Question 4

terminology for genetic material

base=

base + sugar=

base + sugar + phosphate=

Answer 4

You read dna sequence from 5’ to 3’ end. remember the two strands run opposite eachother.

Question 5

Central dogma of genetic information

Answer 5

Question 6

dna replication

Answer 6

Question 7

DNA vs. RNA

Answer 7

Question 8

Compare transcription and translation in bacteria vs animals

Answer 8

Animals

• much longer process (right diagram)

Bacteria

• degredation occurs rapidly (left diagram)

Question 9

Mutations

4 types

Answer 9

Mutations

=change in the sequence of DNA

• spontaneus or induced
• silent mutation= no effect
• missense mutation= change in protein function
• nonsense mutations= chanfes coding codon to a termination codon
• frameshift mutations= insertion or deletion other than multiple of 3. messes up everything down stream

Question 10

genetic transfer (4)

Answer 10

genetic transfer- in bacteria

• transformation: new genetic markers by incorperation of added DNA
• conjunction: “mating” between two bacteria involving transfer of genetic material
• transduction: transfer of bacterial gene by phage
• transposition: movement of a transposon to a new site in the genome