Microbiology - Systems

Question 1

ToRCHeS

Answer 1

microbes that may passed from mother to fetus

• mostly transplacental or via delivery (e.g. HSV-2)
• often present with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, and growth retardation

Question 2

Toxoplasmoa gonddi

Answer 2

• transmitted by cat deces or ingestion of undercooked meat
• mother presentation: asymptomatic
• baby presentation: chorioretinits, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications

Question 3

Rubella

Answer 3

• transmitted via respiratory droplets
• maternal: rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis
• neonatal: PDA (or pulmonary hypoplasia), cataracts, deafness +/ blueberry muffin rash

Question 4

CMV

Answer 4

• transmitted via sexual contact, organ transplant
• maternal: mono-like illness, asymptomatic
• baby: hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin-rash

Question 5

HIV

Answer 5

• transmitted via sexual contact, needlestick
• maternal: variable depending on CD4
• baby: recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea

Question 6

HSV-2

Answer 6

• transmitted by skin or mucous membrane contact
• maternal: usually asymptomatic, herpetic lesions
• baby: encephalitis, herpetic lesions

Question 7

Syphilis

Answer 7

• transmitted by sexual contact
• maternal: chancre (primary) and disseminated rash (secondary_
• baby: still birth, hydrops fetals. if child survives, facial abnormalities, saddle nose, short maxila, saber shings, CN VIII deafness

Question 8

Red rashes of childhood

Answer 8

• Rubella
• Measles
• VZV
• HHV-6 (Roseola)
• Parvovirus (Erythema infectiosum)
• Scarlet fever (Group A Strep)
• Hand-foot-mouth disease (Coxsackie virus)

Question 9

Bugs in unimmunized children

Answer 9

• Rubella
• Measles
• Meningitis
• Pharyngitis
• Epiglotti

Question 10

Rash in unimmunized child that begins at head and moves down with posterior auricular lymphadenopathy

Answer 10

Rubella

Question 11

Rash in unimmunized child/immigrantthat begins at head and movess down.
Rash preceded by cough, coryza (rhinitis), conjunctivitis, and blue-white spots on buccal mucosa

Answer 11

Measles

Question 12

Meningitis in unimmunized child/immigrant

Colonizes nasopharynx

Answer 12

H. influenzae b

Question 13

Meningitis in unimmunized child/immigrant

- leads to myalgia and paralysis

Answer 13

Poliomyelitis

Question 14

Pharyngitis in unimmunized child/immigrant with grayish oropharyngeal exudate
(“pseudomembranes) that may obstruct airway

Answer 14

C. diptheriae

- elaborates toxin that causes necrosis in pharynx, cardiac, and CNS tissue

Question 15

Epiglottitis in unimmunized child/immigrant. Has fever with dysphagia, drooling, difficulty breathing due to edematous “cherry red” epiglottis

Answer 15

H. influenzae

Question 16

CSF findings in bacterial meningitis

Answer 16

• Elevated opening pressure
• Elevated PMNs
• Elevated proteins
• Decreased sugar

Question 17

CSF findings in fungal/RB meningitis

Answer 17

• Elevated opening pressure
• Elevated lymphocytes
• Elevated proteins
• Decreased sugar

Question 18

CSF findings in viral meningits

Answer 18

• Normal/elevated opening pressure
• Elevated lymphocytes
• Normal/elevated protein
• Normal sugar