Microbiome

Question 1

Koch’s postulates

Answer 1

• Microorganisms must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease but must not be found in healthy organisms
• Microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture
• Cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced to a healthy organism
• Microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

Question 2

Microbiome

Answer 2

Microbial genome in ecosystem

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

Complete set of DNA of an organism

Question 4

Microbiota

Answer 4

Ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms

Question 5

Metagenome

Answer 5

Recovery and sequencing of genetic material extracted from environmental samples

Question 6

Mycobiome

Answer 6

Fungal community in and on an organism

Question 7

Richness

Answer 7

How many species in a community

Question 8

Evenness

Answer 8

How balanced a community is

Question 9

Diversity

Answer 9

Product of richness and evenness

Question 10

Holobiont

Answer 10

Assemblage of host and species living in or around it

Question 11

Psychiobiotic

Answer 11

Ingesting bacteria has positive effect on mental health of host

Question 12

Lungs, asthma and microbiome

Answer 12

• C-section increases asthma risk
• Reduced risk of asthma with high-fibre diet
• Steroids affected by lung microbiome

Question 13

C.diff

Answer 13

• Cause of pseudomembranous colitis
• Confined to health-care exposure
• High rates of reoccurence