Microevolution 8

Question 1

What is macroevolution?

Answer 1

Evolution on a grand scales
Like differentiating from human,insect, reptiles and ect

Question 2

Microevolution?

Answer 2

Changes in gene pool of a population of organisms over time( compared to macroevolution is when it occurs within a species/population)

Question 3

What is population genetics?

Answer 3

Study of microevolution

Question 4

Where does Sars-cov 2 come from?

Answer 4

Infected human for the first time in 2019
- Already existed in BATS
- Similar to Sars-cov 2 in bats with a 96% sequence identity
- diverged from the most similar bat virus about 40-70 years ago

Question 5

What does CONSERVATION genetics study?

Answer 5

Studies how much genetic diversity there is within populations and how it is distributed

Question 6

What is HEMIZIGOUS?

Answer 6

E.g sex linked chromosome
for example XY, if it affects X, males will have it only in one gene

Question 7

What is THE OVERALL equation to obtain allele FREQUENCY?

Answer 7

Tot n’ of alleles

Question 8

In a population of RR,Rr,rr
RR n = 5
Rr = 4
rr = 1
What is the frequency of R and r?

Answer 8

Equation for R(p) =
2 x N of individuals with RR + N of individuals Rr
————————————–
Tot n of individual x 2

10 x 2
= 0.7

r frequency (q)=
2 x N of individual rr + N of Rr individuals
—————————————–
tot N of individual x 2

=
2 x (1) + 4
————-
20=
=0.3

Question 9

What is the equation for hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 9

p2 + 2pq + q2

Question 10

WHat are p and q, allele or genotype frequency?

Answer 10

ALLELE

Question 11

What are the conditions for HARDY-WEINGBERG equilibrium?(5)

Answer 11

• No selection
• random mating
• no mutation
• Large pop size
• No migration from other populations

Question 12

• Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a recessive mutation in the
  CFTR gene i.e. all patients with cystic fibrosis are
  homozygous for the disease-causing allele
• About 1/2500 (0.0004) individuals is affected by cystic
  fibrosis
• Assuming the population is at H-W equilibrium at this
  genetic locus, what is the expected frequency of
  individuals who are heterozygous for the disease-causing
  allele (i.e. carriers)?

Answer 12

-square root of 0.0004 = 0.02 = q
- 2pq
- 2 x 0.02 x 0.98 = 0.0392 Rr heterozygous

Question 13

What factors lead to change in allele and genotype frequencies?

Answer 13

• Genetic drift - low population size
• Non-random mating
• migration
• selection

Question 14

How is genetic VARIATION preserved?

Answer 14

• heterozygote advantage
• frequency depedent selection
• Different selective pressures across the geographic
  range of the population (convergent evolution)

Question 15

WHat is the neutral theory?

Answer 15

• States that only small part of the of genetic variation due to NATURAL selection is advantageous