1
Q
Where is Vitamin A stored?
A
Liver
2
Q
_________is a precursor to Vitamin A
A
Carotene
3
Q
Toxic Level of Vitamin A
A
10,000 IU
4
Q
Functions in Vitamin A
A
Yellow and Orange Fruits Dark Green Leafy Vegetables Fish Liver Fortified Skim Milk
5
Q
Nyctalopia
A
Night Blindness
6
Q
Xerophthalmia
A
corneal damage
7
Q
Vitamin A deficiency
A
- Nyctalopia
- Xerophthalmia
- Bitot’s Spots (build of keratin on the conjuctiva)
- Hyperketaorsis (dry scaly skin)
8
Q
What is the precursor to vitamin D?
A
Cholesterol
9
Q
Function of Vitamin D
A
Ca, P metabolism
10
Q
Sources of Vitamin D
A
Sunlight, egg yolk. fortified milk
11
Q
Vitamin ___ is one of the least toxic
A
Vitamin E
12
Q
UL Vitamin E
A
1000 mgs
13
Q
Functions of Vitamin E
A
Antioxidant
Resists hemolysis
14
Q
Sources of Vitamin E
A
- Vegetable oils (cottonseed)
- Whole grain
- Green Vegetables
- Almonds
15
Q
Vitamin E Deficiency
A
Hemolytic Anemia
16
Q
Which Vitamin has not shown any toxicity symptoms
A
Vitamin K
17
Q
Function of Vitamin K
A
- Forms prothrombin in the liver
- Calcium metabolism
18
Q
Source of Vitamin K
A
Spinach
Kale
Broccoli
Green leafy vegetable
19
Q
Vitamin K is affected by
A
- Mineral oil antibiotics
- Anticoagulants
20
Q
Functions of Thiamin
A
- Oxidation of CHO
- Metabolism of pyruvate
21
Q
When CHO increase, this micronutrient must also increase
A
Thiamin
22
Q
Sources of Thiamin
A
Grains
Wheat Germ
Pork
Liver
23
Q
Deficiencies in Thiamin
A
Beriberi
Decrease Erythrocyte transketolase
Increase Plasam Pyruvate
24
Q
Why are milk sold in an opaque container?
A
-Milk contains riboflavin which is lost in UV light
25
Functions of Riboflavin
- Energy release from protein
| - RBC productions
26
Sources of Riboflavin
Liver, kidney, meat and milk
27
Deficiency in Riboflavin
Growth Failure
Cheilosis
Angular stomatitis
Magenta tongue
28
Precursor to Niacin
Tryptophan
29
Functions of Niacin
Metabolism of CHO, Protein, Fat
30
Sources of Niacin
Protein, Peanuts, ready to eat cereals, Chicken, rice,yeast, milk
31
Deficiency in Niacin
Pallagra
| dermatitism diarrhea, dementia
32
Precursor for Folate
PABA
33
Function of Folate
- DNA synthesis
| - Forms RBC in bone marrow
34
Sources of Folate
-Fortified dry cereal,liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, lentils, beans
35
Folate deficiency
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
36
Pyridoxine (B6) Functions
- Coenzyme in amino acid metabolism
- Deaminations
- Transamination
37
Pyridoxine Sources
-Meat, wheat, corn, yeast, pork,liver, ready-to-eat cereals
38
Sources of B6
- Seizures
- Aneamia
- Dermatitis
- Glossitis
- Peripheral neuropathy
39
Vitamin B12
- Conezyme in protein synthesis
| - Forms RBC
40
B12 Sources
Liver, meat, milk, kidney, eggs, fish and cheese
41
B12 Deficiency
- Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
| - Pernicious anemia
42
Pernicious anemia
Occurring after a gastrectomy or removal of the ileum
43
Functions of Pantothenic Acid
- Coenzyme A energy
| - Synthesis of Fatty acids
44
Source of Pantothenic Acid
-Animal foods, grain and legumes
45
Pantothenic Acid Defieciency
Paresthesia in the feet
46
Ascorbic Acid is destroyed by these conditions
- Heat
| - Alkaline pH
47
Function of Vitamin C
-Changes Proline into hydroxyproline int collages which strengthens intercellular susbtance
48
Sources of Vitamin C
- Citrus Fruits
- Potatoes
- Papaya
- Dark green ans yellow vegetables
49
These micronutrients are synthesized by intestinal bacteria
-Biotin and B12
50
Which substance inactivated Biotin?
avidin which is a protein in raw egg white
51
Function of Biotin
- Coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis
| - Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis
52
Sources of Biotin
-liver, kidney, egg yolk and yeast
53
Deficiencies in Biotin
-muscle pain, dermatitis, glossitiss
54
Function of Myo-Inositol
-Binds calcium, zinc, iron membrane structure
55
Sources of Myo-Inositol
Outer husks of cereal grain, leaf green vegetables
56
This mineral is the most abundant
Calcium
57
These substances aid in the absorption of calcium
- Acid
- Vitamin D
- Lactose
58
How does calcitonin lower serum calcium?
-Calcitonin lower serum calcium by inhibiting bone resoption
59
Functions of Calcium
- Blood Clotting
- Cardiac Function
- Nerve Transmission
- Smooth Muscle Contractility
60
Hypocalcemia lead to this__________
Tetany (stift muscles)
61
What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?
Phosphorus
62
Function of Phosphorus
-Make u phospholipids which transport fat through lymph and blood
63
Sources of Phosphorus
-Meat, milk, poultry, eggs,fish and cheese
64
Name for Food Iron
Ferric
65
Name for Absorbable Iron
Ferrous
66
Name for stored iron
Ferritin
67
Function of Iron
Oxygen Transports
68
Source of heme-iron
-Meat, fish and poultry
69
Sources of non-heme iron
-cereals, vegetables
70
These food do not aid the absoption of Iron
- Eggs
- Tea
- Milk
- Cheese
71
Symptoms of iron deficiency
- Pale tongue
- Fatigues
- Anemia
- Spoon-shaped nails
- Pale conjuctivae
72
Where is magnesium stored in the body?
50 bone
| 50% Cells
73
Functions of Magnesium
Protein and Fatty Acid Synthesis
| Stabilizes structure of ATP
74
These nutrients increase need for magnesium
Protein, Calcium and Vitamin D
75
Sources of Megnesium
Milk, Bread
76
Magnesium Deficiency
-Tremors
77
An excess intake of Zinc can lead to a deficiency in these micronutrients
Copper and Iron
78
Functions of ZInc
Increases taste acuity
Enhances insulin action
Stabilizes RNA,DNA
Cell Division
79
Source of Zinc
Meat, Liver, eggs, fish
80
Zinc Deficiency
Reduced Immune Fucntion
Alopecia
Poor wound Healing
Hypogeusia
81
This mineral is part of thyoxine
Iodine
82
Iodine Dificiency
Goiter
83
This mineral is attached to protein
Copper
84
Functions of Copper
- Hemoglobin Synthesis
| - Aids in iron absorption
85
Sources of Copper
- Liver
- Kidney
- Shellfish
86
Copper Deficiency
- Microcytic anemia
| - neutropenia
87
Wilson's Disease
Genetic Conditions in which the enzyme required to metabolize cooper is absent. Consequently, the mineral build up in the liver, brain and eyes and the individual affected experiences low serum copper
88
Functions of Selenium
- Antioxidant
| - Tissue Respiration
89
Sources of Selenium
Soil,grains, meat, fish, poultry and dairy
90
Selenium Deficiency
Myalgia
| Cardiac Myopathy
91
Manganese Functions
CNS
92
Maganese Sources
Whole grains, legumes and nuts
93
Which vitamin enhances the absorption of Chromium?
Vitamin C and Niacin
94
Functions of Chromium
- Aids insulin action
| - Glucose metabolism
95
Sources of Chromium
yeast
oysters
potatoes
96
Chromium Deficiency
-Insulin Resistance
97
Poor intake of cobalt can lead to this
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
98
Function of Cobalt
Maturation of Red Blood Cells
99
Sulfur is a component of these amino acids
cysteine, cystine, methinine
100
Source of Sulfur
Meat,fish, eggs, poultry
101
This mineral is component of lecithin
-Choline
102
Function of Choline
Transport of Lipids in acetylcholine
103
Souces of Cholines
Fat in eggs, milk, liver and soybeans
Nutrition and Supporting Sciences
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