MICROBIO > MICROSCOPESHIT > Flashcards

MICROSCOPESHIT Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

a group of photosynthetic bacteria that produce oxygen.

A

algae & cyanobacteria

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2
Q

using genetically engineered microbes to decompose wastes is called what

A

bioremediation

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3
Q

these microbes serve as the starting point of many food chains

A

plankton

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4
Q

tiny marine plants are called

A

phytoplankton

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5
Q

tiny marine animals are

A

zooplankton

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6
Q

e coli bacteria lives in the intestinal tract producing what kind of vitamins

A

Vitamin K and B12

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7
Q

The use of living organisms or their derivatives to make or modify useful products or processes

A

Biotechnology

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8
Q

insulin, growth hormones, interferons and vaccines are under what type of process

A

genetic engineering

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9
Q

microbes cause 2 categories of disease:

A

Infectious and microbial intoxication

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10
Q

results when a pathogen colonizes the body and subsequently causes disease.

A

infectious disease

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11
Q

results when a person ingests a toxin poisonous substance that has been produced by a microbe.

A

microbial intoxication

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12
Q

tiny living crea-
tures, which leeuwnhoek first called

A

Animacules

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13
Q

who created single lens microscopes

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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14
Q

the wife of another of Koch’s colleagues who
suggested the use of agar as a solidifying agent.

A

Frau Hesse

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15
Q

refers to a condition in which only one type of organism is growing on a solid culture medium or in a liquid culture medium in the labora-
tory;

A

Pure culture

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16
Q

an experimental procedure to prove that a specific microbe is the cause of a specific infectious disease.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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17
Q

a term wherein a pathogen can only survive and multiply within living host cells.

A

obligate intracellular pathogens or obligate intracellular parasites

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18
Q

diseases caused not by one particular microbe, but by the combined effects of two or more different microbes.

A

synergistic infections

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19
Q

the field of ____ study the various types of algae

A

phycology

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20
Q

what is the study of fungi?

A

mycology

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21
Q

these scientist can become genetic engineers who transfer genetic material DNA from one cell type to another.

A

Virologist

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22
Q

concerned with the laboratory
diagnosis of infectious diseases of humans.

A

clinical microbiology

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23
Q

Rudolf Virchow is given credit for proposing which
of the following theories?

A

biogenesis

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24
Q

Which of the following microbes are considered obligate intracellular pathogens?

a. chlamydias, rickettsias, M. leprae, and T. pallidum
b. M. leprae and T. pallidum
c. M. tuberculosis and viruses
d. rickettsias, chlamydias, and viruses

A

a

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25
The field of parasitology involves the study of which of the following types of organisms? a. arthropods, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses b. arthropods, helminths, and certain protozoa c. bacteria, fungi, and protozoa d. bacteria, fungi, and viruses
b
26
Which of the following are even smaller than viruses? a. chlamydias b. prions and viroids c. rickettsias d. cyanobacteria
b
27
The sizes of bacteria and protozoa are usually expressed in terms of
micrometers
28
the sizes of viruses are expressed in
nanometers
29
red blood cells are about
7micro meter in diamater
30
spherical bacterium is called
Coccus / cocci
31
A typical rod-shaped bacterium
bacillus
32
the sizes of cellular mi- crobes are measured using an
ocular micrometer
33
instruments has a limit as to what can be seen This limit is referred to as
resolving power / resolution
34
is one of the smallest viruses that infect humans.
poliovirus
35
defined as a microscope containing only one magnifying lens.
simple microscope
36
is a microscope that contains more than one magnifying lens.
compound microscope
37
first person to construct and use a compound microscope
Hans Jansen and his son Zacharias
38
Photographs taken through the lens system of compound microscopes are called
photomicrographs
39
It is the wavelength of visible light that limits the size of objects
compound light microscope
40
Within the eyepiece or ocular is a lens called the
ocular lens
41
Total magnification of the compound light microscope is calculated by:
multiply magnifying power of ocular lens to magnifying power of objetive being used
42
The four objectives used in most laboratory compound light microscopes are
x4, 10, 40 & 100
43
total magnification is calculated by multiplying the magnifying power of the ocular by times?
(X10)
44
Usually, specimens are first observed using the TIMES?
X10
45
how much magnification must be used to study bacteria?
X1000
46
focuses light onto the specimen, adjusts the amount of light, and shapes the cone of light entering the objective.
condenser
47
Generally, the higher the magnification,
the more light is needed
48
Image clarity depends on the microscope’s which is the ability of the lens system to distinguish between two adjacent objects.
Resolution/resolving power
49
Additional magnifying lenses could be added to the compound light microscope, and this would increase the resolving power.
false
50
Increasing magnification without increasing the re- solving power is called
empty magnification
51
objects are observed against a bright background (or “bright field”) when using a compound light microscope referred to as
brightfield microscope
52
illuminated objects are seen against a dark background (or “dark field”), and the microscope has been converted into a
darkfield microscrope
53
The etiologic (causative) agent of syphilisa spiral-shaped bacterium, named Treponema pallidum can be seen through what microscope
darkfield microscope
54
these are microscopes that can be used to observe unstained living microorganisms.
phase contrast microscopes
55
contain a built-in ultraviolet (UV) light source.
Fluorescence microscopes
56
this microscope is often used in immunology
Fluorescence microscopes
57
this microscope uses an electron beam as a source of illumination and magnets to focus the beam.
Electron microscope
58
what was the first microscope to discover rabies and smallpox viruses
electron microscopes
59
2 types of electron microscopes
transmission electron & scanning electron
60
long column microscopy enables scientists to study the internal structure of cells.
transmission electron
61
has a shorter column the specimen is placed at the bottom of the column.
scanning electron microscope
62
microscope that has a very tall column, at the top of which an electron gun fires a beam of electrons downward.
Transmission electron
63
enables scientists to observe living cells at extremely high magnification and resolution under physiological conditions.
Atomic force microscopy
64
the scanning electron microscope, which provides a two-dimensional image of a sample, the AFM provides a true three-dimensional surface profile.
TRUE
65
A millimeter is equivalent to how many nanometers?
1,000,000
66
What is the length of an average rod-shaped bac- terium (bacillus)?
0.03 MM
67
Which of the following individuals is given credit for developing the first compound microscope?
Hans Jansen
68
How many times better is the resolution of the transmission electron microscope than the resolution of the unaided human eye?
1,000,000
69
How many times better is the resolution of the transmission electron microscope than the resolu- tion of the compound light microscope?
1000
70
The limiting factor of any compound light micro- scope (i.e., the thing that limits its resolution to
wavelength of visible light
71
A compound light microscope differs from a simple microscope in that the compound light microscope contains more than one:
magnifying lens
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