What did the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye do?
King Charles I sent David Kirke to get the French out of North America, Champlain surrendered and the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye later returned Canada and Acadia back to the French in 1632
What did the Treaty of Breda do?
The British held Acadia from 1654-1667 after many battles and the Treaty of Breda returned Acadia back to the French in 1667
What did the Treaty of Utrecht do?
Ended to war of Spanish Succession in 1713,
French retained Isle Royal (CB) and Isle St. Jean (PEI),
the british took the rest of Acadia, NFLD and Hudson’s Bay
What did the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle do?
Ended the War of Austrian Succession in 1748
Louisbourg was returned back to the French
What did the Treaty of Paris do?
Ended the Seven Years War in 1763
French gave up most of North America to the British
What was the Seven Years War
A global conflict
started by George Washington killing french troops, then builds fort neccessity
ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763
What was the War of Spanish Succession?
Louis XIV wanted his grandson on the spanish throne to untie the 2 kingdoms
England would declare war on France and Spain
Port Royal was taken by the British in 1710, renamed Annapolis Royal
British tried for Quebec but weather stopped them
What was the War of Austrian Succession?
British and French supported different heirs to the Austrian throne
French heard of the British war declaration and attacked their posts first including Annapolis Royal
English then attacked and took Louisbourg in 1745
British blocked the St Lawrence which hurt some French/Indigenous relations
What happened with the Destruction of Huronia?
The Iroquois (5 Nations) wanted access to the Northern Regions
They attacked Huronia in 1648 but failed then attacked again in 1649 and were successful
It was disastrous for the French who had to rethink their Fur trading strategies
What was the Compagnie des Cents Associes?
Started in 1627 by Cardinal Richelieu
They were given a monopoly over the fur trade in exchange for colonial expansion
Started the Seigneurial System
After the destruction of Huronia France took back their monopoly
What was the Seigneurial System?
Only in New France, not Acadia
Seigneurs would sub-divide their land into plots for Habitants would rent plots to farm on
Many plots were along the St. Lawrence
Why was Fish important?
Roman Catholics had many days in the calendar where they couldn’t eat meat, ate fish instead
Readily available resources in the Atlantic Gulf Region off the coast of NFLD
Would also fight over spots in the summer to fish and bring back to their european colonies to sell and eat
What were the 2 Fish preservation methods?
“Dry Fisheries”
- On Land
- Required several months, stayed for processing
- Occurred on Newfoundland shores
- More common with English
“Green Cure”
- Done aboard ships
- Required more salt than dry fisheries
- More common with the French
Who was Jacques Cartier?
Sent by the French to North America
Traveled down the St. Lawrence and started trading with Indigenous at settlements he found along the river
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
Helped establish Port Royal with Pierre Dugua
sent to the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes
Innu allowed him to settle a colony because of his friendly relations, chose Quebec
Who was Pierre Dugua de Mons?
Helped settle Port Royal with Champlain
given fur monopoly in Acadia in exchange to promote Catholicism
Who was Louis XIV?
King of France 1643-1715
said his power came straight from God
Appointed Jean-Baptiste Colbert as head of the Navy/Colonies
Who were Radisson and Groseilliers?
They founded the Hudson’s Bay Company
