Mid term

Question 1

Answer 1

1) Human with Feline (Lion?) Head (fr. Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany)
2) not known
3) paleolithic
4) 30,000BCE
5) sculpture, ivory figurine
6) human body + feline head, existed only in the artists vivid imagination. Similar to art of ancient Mesopotamia and egypt. represented humans wearing animal skins.

Question 2

Answer 2

1) Nude women (Venus of Willendorf), (fr. Willendorf, Austria)
2) unknown
3) paleolithic
4) 28,000 BCE
5) sculpture, limestone figurine
6) nude woman with exaggerated features such as large breasts, belly, legs, but tiny forearms. Also outline of pubic triangle. Represents: fertility and reproduction. Function: lack of facial features suggests that the figure is not meant to represent a specific individual but rather a universal symbol of womanhood

emphazing female forms for continuing species

Question 3

Answer 3

1) Head of a Woman (?), (fr. Brassempouy, France)
2) unknown
3) paleolithic
4) 25,000 BCE
5) sculptor, ivory figurine
6) carved face, with defined nose, and chin, while the eyes and mouth are only minimally indicated, and the top of the head is covered with a grid-like pattern that may represent curly hair or a woven hat. Similar to Venus of Willendorf.

Question 4

Answer 4

1) Women Holding a Bison Horn, (fr. Laussel, France)
2) unknown
3) paleolithic
4) 25,000 BCE
5) sculpture, painted limestone relief
6) bulbous body, exaggeration of breast, abdomen, and hips. Head featured less, but arms have taken on greater importance. L arm draws attention to pubic area, and rasied arm hold bison horn. Similar to Venus of Willendorf. Meaning of gesture and horn still debated.

Question 5

Answer 5

1) Two Bison, (in cave at Le Tuc d’Audoubert, France)
2) unknown
3) paleolithic
4) 15,000 BCE
5) sculpture, clay reliefs
6) 2 bisons in clay that are on an irregular freestanding rock. Similar to older painting from apollo cave that are in strict profile

Question 6

Answer 6

1) Bison Licking its Flank, (Fr. La Madeleine, France)
2) unknown
3) paleolithic
4) 12,000 BCE
5) sculpture, reindeer horn/ frag. spear thrower
6) Bison licking its flank, in strict profile view (showing both horns), incise line fot horns, eyes, ear, nose, mouth. Represent: small size and irregular shape of reindeer to record characteristic anedotal activity.

Question 7

Answer 7

1) Spotted horses and negative hand imprints (Fr. Pech-Merle Cave Paintaing, France)
2) unkown
3) paleolithic
4) 23,000 BCE
5) painting
6) spotted horses with negative spots. Negative spots made by painter placing one hand against wall and then brushed or spat pigment around it. Represents: signatures of community members or individual painters. (But purpose is unknown)

Question 8

Answer 8

1) Left wall of the Hall of the Bulls (fr. Lascaux, France)
2) unkown
3) paleolithic
4) 16000 BCE
5) painting
6) Animals seen, Horses, bulls. Used Twisted perspective (head in profile but the horns from the front). Scences in lascaux cave is a puzzle.

Question 9

Answer 9

1) Chinese horse (Fr. Lascaux cave)
2) unknown
3) paleothic
4) 16,000 BCE
5) painting
6) running possibly pregnant horse surrounded by arrows or traps. Scences in lascaux cave is a puzzle.

Question 10

Answer 10

1) Rhinoceros, wounded man & disemboweled bison (Fr. Lascaux cave, France)
2) unknown
3) paleolithic
4) 16,000 BCE
5) painting
6) Hunting scence with rhinoceros, bisons, bird faced (masked ?) man with his arm out and 4 fingers. Painter showed less detail to man but made the hunters gender known by the prominent penis. Postiton of the man in unknown (is he dead or titled back, do the staff with the bird on top belong to him). This all evidence for creation of complex narrative involving humans and animals at a earlier date.

Question 11

Answer 11

1) Aurochs, horses, and rhinoceros (Fr. Chauvet Cave Paintings, Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, France)
2) unknown
3) paleolithic
4) 30,000 BCE
5) painting
6) aurochs, 2 rhinoceroses attacking each other, suggesting the painter intended a narrative. Proves that paleolithic art did not evolve from simple to more sophisticated representions.

Question 12

Answer 12

1) Aerial view of Neolithic Jericho (Fr. Jericho, Jordan River valley)
2) unknown
3) New stone age (neolithic)
4) 8000 BCE
5) architecture
6) Neolithic town w/ stone fortification… walls and tower. As jerichos wealth grew, protection against nomads resulted in …. This was an technological advancement.

Question 13

Answer 13

1) Human skull with restored features (Fr. jericho)
2) unknown
3) neolithic
4) 7000 BCE
5) sculpture, plaster, painted, and inlaid with seashells
6) Human skull with restored features in plaster, shell, paint plastered skull. Purpose: serve a ritualistic purpose. Function was to honor and worship ancestors between the living and world beyond.

Question 14

Answer 14

1) Human Figure, painted plaster w/ inlaid eyes (Fr. Ain Ghazal, Jordan)
2) unknown
3) neolithic
4) 6700 BCE
5) sculpture, painted plaster w/ inlaid eyes
6) Human Figure, painted plaster w/ inlaid eyes. Sculptures were ritually buried. Marks the beginning of large scale sculpture in Mesoptomia.

Question 15

Answer 15

1) Restored view of Çatal Höyük, (Fr. Anatolia (now Turkey))
2) unknown
3) neolithic
4) 6500 BCE
5) architecture
6) site of flourishing neolithic culture. Hunting was important in Catal Hoyuk

Question 16

Answer 16

1) Wall Paintings: Deer hunt (Level III), Catal Hoyuk (Fr. Turkey)
2) unknown
3) neolithic
4) 5700 BCE
5) painting
6) group of deer hunters and deers. Scene with human dominating animals are central subjects of neolithic paintings

Question 17

Answer 17

1) Landscape with volcanic eruption, wall painting is top and watercolor on botton (Level VII) (Fr. Catal Hoyuk, Turkey)
2) unknown
3) neolithic
4) 6000 BCE
5) painting
6) a town with rectangular houses neatly laid out in rows (probably representing Catal Hoyuk), behind the town is a mountain. landscape represents a reoccuring event. Shows how the settlement looked during a volcanic eruption. (it is the first know landscape and a picture of a natural setting with no narrative content)

Question 18

Answer 18

1) Aerial view of Stonehenge (Fr. Salisbury plain, Wiltshire, England)
2) unknown
3) neolithic
4) 2500 BCE
5) architecture
6) Arrangement of megalithic stone in a circle. Functioned as a astronimical observatory and a solar calander. Also served as a center of healing that attracted the sick and dying from the region. The sun rises over its heel stone at the summer solstice.

Question 19

Answer 19

1) Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser (Fr. Saqqara)
2) Imhotep
3) old kingdom
4) Dyn 3
5) architecture
6) series of stacked mastabas, shrinking in size. Structure resembles the great mesopotamian ziggurats. Dojoser pyramid is a tomb, not a temple. Fuction: to protect the mummified king and his prossessions. Also to symbolize his godlike power. Represents: djosers home in the afterlife. 4 sides of the pyramids are oriented to the cardinal points of the compass.

Question 20

Answer 20

1) Great Pyramids (of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure) (Fr. Gizeh)
2) unknown
3) old kingdom
4) dyn 4
5) architecture
6) 3 major pyramids at Gizeh to serve as the tombs of the 4th dyn. kings Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Also casueway, great sphinx, pyramids of the royal family and mastabas of nobles. Pyramids are symbols of the sun. Function: pyramids were where kings were reborn in afterlife, just as the sun is reborn each day. Also not only sereved as kings tomb but also his palace in the afterlife. 4 sides of the pyramids are oriented to the cardinal points of the compass.

Question 21

Answer 21

1) The Great Sphinx (Fr. Gizeh)
2) unknown
3) dyn 4
4) sculpture, sandstone
5) body of lion, head of human (spefically king khafre), headdress with uraeus cobra). Represents: comines human intelligence with strength and power. function: figure of protection for afterlife of king.

Question 22

Answer 22

1) Rock-cut tombs (Fr. Beni Hasan)
2) unknown
3) middle kingdom
4) dyn 12
5) architeture
6) tomb of khnumhotep II. The beni hasan columns are formalized verisons of imhoteps columns. Middle kingdom column resemble later greek columns of the doctrine order.

Question 23

Answer 23

1) Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, (Fr. Deir el-Bahri)
2) Senmut
3) new kingdom
4) dyn 18
5) architecture
6) multilevel funerary temple incoporated shrines to Amen, Hathor, Hatshepsut and her father. Temples for the female pharaoh Hatshepsut. INTENDED TO SERVE AS THE SITE THAT WOULD ENSURE HER perpetual LIFE AFTER DEATH

Question 24

Answer 24

1) Temple of Ramses II (Fr. Abu Simbel)
2) unknown
3) new kingdom
4) dyn 19
5) rock-cut architecture
6) rock cut temple of Ramses II. 4 colossal stautes of himself. It is territory Ahmose I accquired after his first victory. To save the temple from submersion in the Aswan High Dam reservoir, the temple was cut into sections and reassembled 700 ft away.

Question 25

Answer 25

1) Temple of Ramses II (Fr. Abu Simbel) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 19 5) rock-cut architecture 6) the rock cut stautes were a overwheleming size and didnt have much detail. rock cut temple of Ramses II. 4 colossal images of himself. It is territory Ahmose I accquired after his first victory. To save the temple from submersion in the Aswan High Dam reservoir, the temple was cut into sections and reassembled 700 ft away.

Question 26

Answer 26

1) Temple of Amen-Ren w/ views of hypostyle hall, (Fr. Karnak) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 19 5) architecture 6) contains a pylon temple. temple that honors pharaohs of the 18th dyn. There is a artifical lake which represents the primeval waters before creation. The pylon faced the nile, served as a symbolic barrier bt/w the choatic world and the sacred within.

Question 27

Answer 27

1) Pylon Temple of Horus, (Fr. Edfu) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) 230 BCE 5) architecture 6) colums and clerestory of the hypostyle hall of the temple.

Question 28

Answer 28

1) Palette of King Narmer (Fr. Hierakonpolis) 2) unknown 3) late predynastic 4) 3000 BCE 5) sculpture, slate 6) At the top are two heads of a cow with a womans face (godness Hathor), the divine mother of all eyptian kings). royal palace is shown. (One the back, king namer wearing white crown of upper, also showing slaying of a captured enemy... becomes the standard pictoral formula for signifying the victory of the egyptian god kings. King appears as a falcon... showing namers victory). (On the front, two felines form circle that would have held eye makeup, intertwined necks represents unification of upper and lower egypt, Namer wearing lower egypt crown, reviews beheaded army bodies)

Question 29

Answer 29

1) Khafre Enthroned (Fr. Gizeh) 2) unknown 3) old kingdom 4) dyn 4 5) sculpture, diorite 6) king khafre wears a kilt, intertwined lotus and papyrus plants... represents united egypt. bheing his head in falcon that id king as living horus. purpose: not to record true body shape or features but to show lasting eternity. His pose creates aura of eternal stillness.

Question 30

Answer 30

1) Menkaure and Khamerernebty (?) his wife (Fr. Gizeh) 2) unknown 3) old kingdom 4) dyn 4 5) sculpture, graywacke 6) state how they are standing. her right arm is around his waist and her left hand rest on his L arm. This sterotypically gesture represents their marital status or if the king and godness have shared their divinity.

Question 31

Answer 31

1) Seated Scribe, (Fr. Saqqara) 2) unknown 3) old kingdom 4) dyn 4 5) sculpture, painted limestone 6) scribe sits on the floor. scribe has sagging chest, protruding belly. Represents how he had a position of honor but was not high in enough in eyptian hiearachy like kings. Obesity represents many nonroyal old kingdom male portraits.

Question 32

Answer 32

1) mastaba tomb of Ti, (Fr. Saqqara) 2) unknown 3) old kingdom 4) dyn 5 5) sculpture, painted limestone reliefs 6) on the wall of tomb of ti, his men, and boat move slowly to hunt for hippopotamus. Water benath the boat where hippos and fish are. Ti is twice mens size bc represnts his rank. Function shows essential nature of deceased. egyptians associated farming and hunting with providing nourshiment for the ka. Also Ti pose suggest he is not actually involved in the hunt bc is a observer of life, like his ka.

Question 33

Answer 33

1) mastaba tomb of Ti, (Fr. Saqqara) 2) unknown 3) old kingdom 4) dyn 5 5) sculpture, painted limestone reliefs 6) other wall of ti mastaba, goats tread in seeds and cattle ford a canal in the nile. Fording of nile, metaphor for deceased passage from life to the hereafter. person on back of calf. Primary purpose: suggest the deceased eternal existence in the afterlfe

Question 34

Answer 34

1)Senrusret III, fragmentary head, (Fr. Deir el-Bahari) 2) unknown 3) middle kingdom 4) dyn 12 5) sculpture, red quartzite 6) dull and dominant mood, strong mouth... showed a determined ruler. it is personal showing his brooding expression reflects the mood of the time.

Question 35

Answer 35

1) Hatshepsut w/ offering jars, (Fr. Deir el-Bahri) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 18 5) sculpture, red granite, 6) hat. holds offering jar in each hand, wear the royal males headress and fake beard. figure is also male, consisent with the inscription caller her "His majesty". Hatsh. is the ideal eygptian king, a young man in prime life. BY MAKING THIS OFFERING HATS. AFIRMED THAT MAAT IS THE GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF HER REGIN.

Question 36

Answer 36

1) Chancellor Senmut with Princess Nefrura (Fr. Thebes,) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 18 5) sculpture, Black granite 6) Chancellor Senmut with Princess Nefrura in his lap. Is a reflection of the power of egpyt queen. Exhibits a more radical simplification of form than old kingdom statues.

Question 37

Answer 37

1) Akhenaton, from the Temple of Aton, (Fr. Karnak) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 18 5) sculpture, sandstone 6) akhen. colossal staute from the temple of aton. long face, full lips. misshapen body showing the reaction against established style. He abandoned the worship of most gods infavor of aton, id with the sun disk. changed the captial to amarna instead of thebes. (he did a religious and artistic revolution, this androgynous figure is a reaction against tradition). Protraying the pharaoh as Aton, the sexless sun disk.

Question 38

Answer 38

1) Nefertiti (Fr. Amarna) 2) Thutmose 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 18 5) sculpture, painted limestone potrait 6) Nefertiti is akhenatons wife, her name means the beautiful one has come. wearing a crown. scupltor adjusted the likeness of his subject to meet the era standard of spiritual beauty.

Question 39

Answer 39

1) Tiye, (fr. Ghurab) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 18 5) sculpture, wood w/gold, silver, alabaster & lapis lazuli 6) heavy-lidded eyes with painted red lips. tall gold crown with the sun disk abd cow horns was added during her sons reign. This type of crown is only worn by godnesses in egyptian art, indicating tiye is divine.

Question 40

Answer 40

1) Death Mask of Tutankhamen (Fr. thebes) 2) unknown 3) new kingdom 4) dyn 18 5) sculpture, inner coffin, gold w/ inlay of semiprecious stones. 6) portrait mask with the king’s face made of gold with inlaid semiprecious stones. It is a portrayal of the young king, dressed in his official regalia, including the headdress and false beard. The mask represents the richness expressive of Egyptian power, pride, and limitless wealth.