What did the example of the Syrian refugee crisis exemplify?
-how people can be deemed deviant or criminal even if what they are actually facing is a humanitarian crisis
What is red tape and what is another name of it?
- nightmare of the bureaucracy
- when you put effort into complying with rules and policies but you can falling short despite your best efforts
Who called Red Tape the Nightmare of Bureaucracy?
- Max Weber
- he noticed people were obsessed with following rules but didn’t care about the essence of the rule
- bureaucratic thinking created rules that inevitably resulted in deviancy
Is crime and deviance a real thing?
-it’s a social construct subject to interpretation
Historically, how was crime defined?
-crime was behaviour in violation of law
When does classical theory saw laws should be developed?
-when social harm occurs
What does the example of differences between gay rights in Canada and Iran highlight?
-definitions of deviance vary across space
Why is there a danger in using the state’s definitions of crime?
-if you use the state’s definition you become a representative of the state
What is the definition we are using for deviance by Pfohl?
-deviance is a violation of a social norm and this is apparent because there is reaction to the behaviour in question
What beliefs does a positivist have about crime and deviance?
- absolutism, crime is absolutely real
- objectivism, crime is observable
- determinism, we can identify causal mechanisms to explain the crime
What beliefs does a constructionist have about crime and deviance?
- relativism, crime is a label
- subjectivism is at work in what we actually characterize as criminal or deviant
- there is a measure of free will/voluntarism in engaging and labelling crime
Define conformity
- adherence to norms
- although, one that conforms to norms extremely could be considered deviant
Define non-conformity
- normative violation without a strong reaction
- awkward or eccentric behaviour but not severe enough that society tries to modify it
Define deviance
-a normative violation with a controlling mechanism
Define crime
-a violation of codified laws
Are all crimes deviant and all deviance crimes?
-No
Why do people study crime and deviance?
- vicarious experience (exciting)
- reform, people want to induce change
- self-protection and sophistication, a better street sense
- understanding ones self and others
- intellectual curiosity
Do criminologists agree that crime is real?
Yes
Define synopticism
-how the masses observe the behaviour of the elite and take their moral cues from them
