Midterm

Question 1

what is the ROLE of the press?

Answer 1

spread of knowledge

Question 2

main ethics of journalism?

Answer 2

1. being objective
2. being factual
3. being as complete as possible
4. concealment only when necessary

Question 3

what IS journalism?

Answer 3

objective recreation of reality within context

Question 4

show trial

Answer 4

false trial

Question 5

fourth estate

Answer 5

acts as a check on branches of government

Question 6

how does media become LESS objective? and factors that cause it

Answer 6

a higher frequency of publication causes less objectivity
Factors:
1. filter function (how many ppl see it
2. time

Question 7

on record

Answer 7

officially measured/noted

Question 8

off record

Answer 8

not an official statement

Question 9

how do you check sources?

Answer 9

-call
-internet search
-go with another person (partner)

Question 10

Law of Identity

Answer 10

real is real. what is not is not. reality exists dependent of own perception

Question 11

sensationalism

Answer 11

use of exciting/shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy, in order to provoke public interest

Question 12

fundamentality of journalism

Answer 12

the lede which is the “essence” of the story

Question 13

what does a lede include

Answer 13

essential facts
5 w’s (who, what, where, when, why)

Question 14

epistemology

Answer 14

theory/study of limits of knowledge

Question 15

aesthetics

Answer 15

what can be communicated from from person to another

Question 16

metaphysics

Answer 16

accepting what is reality
-subset of law of identity

Question 17

immediate ID

Answer 17

public figure

Question 17

how do you reference immediate ID

Answer 17

by name

Question 18

delayed ID

Answer 18

not a public figure (private)

Question 19

how do you reference delayed ID

Answer 19

usually by occupation

Question 20

lede

Answer 20

intro to news story that is supposed to entice readers to click

Question 21

how to write a lede

Answer 21

who: immediate vs delayed ID
what: summary vs multiple elements

Question 22

how many words is a lede

Answer 22

30

Question 23

context

Answer 23

adds significance, builds on lede
one sentence

Question 24

details

Answer 24

1 idea per paragraph: quotes, sources, data etc.

Question 25

inverted pyramid

Answer 25

placing the most fundamental information in the lead paragraph of the story, and then arranging the remaining details, from most important to least important

Question 26

first amendment

Answer 26

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Question 27

3 Revolutions in Communications

Answer 27

1. Transition to scribal history 2. Printing Press 3. Morse Code

Question 28

Who started scribal history

Answer 28

Plato, he wanted a linear way of thinking

Question 29

Who created to printing press

Answer 29

Johannes Gutenberg

Question 30

Who said "kill the poets"

Answer 30

Plato

Question 31

Impact of printing press

Answer 31

Gave normal people the upper hand over gonvernment

Question 32

What period in history did the printing press push forward?

Answer 32

Renaissance

Question 33

Who created morse code?

Answer 33

Samuel Morse

Question 34

What period in history did Samuel Morse push forward

Answer 34

Electronic Age

Question 35

Who said "the medium is the message?

Answer 35

Marshall McLuhan

Question 36

"The medium is the message" meaning

Answer 36

The medium influences how the message is received

Question 37

1st published newspaper?

Answer 37

Publick Occurrences

Question 38

Significance of Publick Occurrences

Answer 38

1st victim of censorship

Question 39

Who published Publick Occurrences?

Answer 39

Benjamin Harris

Question 40

What was the first true newspaper

Answer 40

The New England Courant

Question 41

Who took over The New England Courant

Answer 41

Ben Franklin

Question 42

Who were the Franklin Boys?

Answer 42

Ben Franklin sent the to write stories

Question 43

Who was John Peter Zenger

Answer 43

Put on trial for seditious libel but he just printed the paper

Question 44

outcomes of zenger trial

Answer 44

1. truth established as legal defense for libel 2. jury took it upon itself to interpret the law for the first time

Question 45

What was John Peter Zenger put on trial for

Answer 45

Seditious libel

Question 46

What is seditious libel

Answer 46

criminal defense when one rebels against the government

Question 47

What did Thomas Jefferson say?

Answer 47

"Were it up to me to have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate to choose the latter"

Question 48

Significance of Jefferson's Government Newspaper speech

Answer 48

He basically said that newspaper act as a check on governments which helps them do better

Question 49

what is it called between on and off record?

Answer 49

not for atribution

Question 50

what does journalism reflect

Answer 50

values of society

Question 51

what is libel

Answer 51

defamation of character (slander)

Question 52

what is defamation of character

Answer 52

false statement of fact that causes the victim some type of harm.

Question 53

defenses against libel

Answer 53

1.truth 2.qualified privilege 3.fair comment defense 4.public vs private distinctions

Question 54

what is qualified privilege?

Answer 54

the act of being objective and reporting fairly. being impartial

Question 55

what is fair comment defense

Answer 55

opining is considered protected speech (movie, book critics etc.) as long as it's wo malice

Question 56

Result of Milkovich vs Loraine Journal case?

Answer 56

even states of opinion might constitute libel if sufficiently or factually proved to be true or false

Question 57

result of Time vs Sullivan

Answer 57

paper has to print false/malicious material deliberately to constitute libel

Question 58

AP vs Walker

Answer 58

court extends Actual Malice test to public figures

Question 59

What did the Saturday Evening Post do

Answer 59

Say that the frequency of publication affects libel

Question 60

Gross Negligence Test

Answer 60

(NY)must act in gross manner for libel

Question 61

Significance of Gertz vs Welch

Answer 61

created difference between public vs private distinctions

Question 62

public vs private distinctions

Answer 62

A person who does not thrust themselves into the spotlight by promo etc is considered a private individual

Question 63

Why did Richard Jewell not win case against libel

Answer 63

Promotion and circumstance. he did interviews and was in the spotlight so he was considered a public figure

Question 64

difference between burglary and larceny

Answer 64

burglary: unlawful breaking in with intent to commit crime larceny: actually stealing something