PSY 230 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Economic Crime

A

Property
Fraud
Offense related to currency
Presenting and trafficking of illegal goods

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2
Q

“babe ruth” of white collar crime?

A

Charles Ponzi (1920)
Ponzi scheme
- pay oldest investors with money from new investors
- perhaps stolen from brooklyn bookkeeper william miller
- investors reportedly lost $20mil. equivalent to $225mil in 2011
- died on poverty

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3
Q

Modern monster

A

Bernie Madoff (2009)
- former chair of NASDAQ stock exchange
- used ponzi scheme, largest frauds in US history, $64bil
- invested 19bil in him, involved family

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4
Q

White-collar psychopath

A

those involved in white-collar crime had lower scores on lifestyle criminality but higher on some measures of psychopathology traits

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5
Q

B-scan 360

A

uses rating made by others to measure psychopathic traits in the workplace
preliminary research supports a four-factor model consistent with the PCl-R four factor model

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6
Q

B-scan self

A

self-report measure of corporate psychopathy
replicated four-factor model
facets consistent with other measures of self-reported psychopathy (SRP - 111); positively correlated with dark triad and negatively correlate with the FFM agreeableness and conscientiousness

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7
Q

Institutionalized fraud

A
  • projected profit lines on future imaginary investments
  • executives and trades funneling millions to themselves while company investments tanked
  • lied to the world and their staff
  • employees left pensionless
    Kenneth Lay
  • 45yrs for securities and wire fraud
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8
Q

Elizabeth Holmes guilty of fraud

A

CEO of biotech company
Stanford chemical eng dropput
youngest female self-made billionaire

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9
Q

why join a gang?

A

Social identity theory
Social learning theory

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10
Q

what do they gain?

A
  • camaraderie
  • opportunity
  • status or power
  • financial gain
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11
Q

Big four 1%

A
  1. the hells angels
  2. the outlaws
  3. the bandidos
  4. the pagans
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12
Q

the hells angels

A
  • founded march 1948, bishop family, war immigrants in cali
  • ride harley
  • AKA “HA” “red & white” “81”
  • patches akin to military medals
  • 256 chapters; 65 US, 191 in 27 other countries
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13
Q

The pagans

A
  • founded 1959, prince george maryland
  • blue denim jackets
  • 13 US north east
  • most secretive
  • ties to italian mafia
  • rivals to HA
  • violent in 60s - 70s
  • most active drug trafficking
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14
Q

The outlaws

A

formed in mcCook illinois 1935 (AOA)
- limited in WW2
1950s logo - skull with crossed pistons
- rivals HA (ADIOS)
- 80 chapters in 20 states and 116 chapters in 14 countires

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15
Q

The bandidos

A

formed 1966 huston texas
- 5000 members, 210 chapters 22 countries
- rivals HA
Canada: rock machine montreal merged with bandidos 2000s, turf war against HA

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16
Q

Biker criminality

A

Spontaneous expressive acts
planned aggressive acts
short-term instrumental acts
ongoing instrumental enterprises

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17
Q

Frequencies of crime Big four

A

Outlaws - 347
HA - 209
Bandidos - 50
pagans - 25

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18
Q

Bandidos Shedden Ontario Massacre 2006

A

8 men murdered (6 full patched bandido members) found 4 vehicles in farmer fields
killed by other bandidos in assassination style
internal cleansing

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19
Q

OMG affiliation and crime

A

few differences between bikers and non bikers prior to the PID
OMG affiliations leads to an overall increase in criminal involvement specifically in property, drug and weapon crimes

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20
Q

Aranakan & Kunlangeta

A

Aranakan - a person who always goes his own way regardless of others, who is uncooperative, full if malice and bullheaded
Kunlangeta - knows what to do but doesn’t. repeatedly lies, steals, cheats, and rapes

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21
Q

Philippe Pinel

A
  • first personality disorder recognized by psychiatry
  • manie sans delire (madness without delirium). those who are impulsive and violent
  • profound deficits in emotion but no apparent reasoning/intellectual dysfunction
    - condition associated with amorality rather than psychosis
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22
Q

The Mask of Sanity - Hervey Cleckley

A
  • first detailed clinical descriptions
  • postulated that psychopaths exude a thin veneer of normality and do not appear to be overtly psychotic or mentally disordered
  • metaphor of electricity conductors
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23
Q

PCL (psychopathy checklist)

A

Operationalized in a research scale for assessing
- measuring a constellation of emotional, interpersonal and behavioural characteristics

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24
Q

Personality traits of psychopathy (6)

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A
  • superficial
  • egocentric
  • pathologically deceitful and manipulative
  • lacks guilt and remorse
  • callous lack of empathy
  • shallow emotions
25
Criminalized lifestyle of psychopathy (6)
- impulsive - poor behaviour control - need for excitement - lack of responsibility - behaviour problems - adult antisocial behaviour
26
Assessing psychopathy (3)
1. Psychopathy Checklist -revised (PCL -R) and screening version 2. self-report inventories 3. DSM-5 antisocial personality disorder
27
PCL-R
- scored using file info and interviews - follows 3-point scale: 0,1,2 - min score of 30 for diagnosis; 25 used for research purposes - Factors - 2,3 or 4
28
PCL-R 4 factors model
Factors 1 - interpersonal/affective Factors 2 - lifestyle/antisocial
29
Self-report problems (2)
1. old measures primarily assess factor 2 2. SRIs inadequately control for deceitfulness
30
Hare and McPherson
- 85-97% of psychopathic individuals - atleat one violent crime - 50-70% recidivism rate to commit acts of assault, vandalism, kidnapping, armed robbery, fighting and to have used a weapon - more likely to have prior and future crimes for violence - no more likely to commit murder or sexual assault than nonpychopathic men
31
Psychopathy results/trends
- psychopathy is a strong predictor of general and violent recidivism - psychopathy is a relatively weak predictor of sexual recidivism
32
Conceptual controversies (3)
1. diagnostic confusion 2. psychopathy 3. Mad or bad
33
Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder
since age 15 3 or more of the following: - failure to conform to social norms - deceitfulness - impulsive or failure to plan - irritability and aggressiveness - reckless disregard for safety - consistent irresponsibility - lack of remorse
34
Psychopathy and the DSM
- psychopathy is NOT a formal entry in the DSM-5 - ASPD almost synonymous with criminality - emphasis on persistent criminality rather than personality - limits the usefulness of ASPD in forensic settings - up to 80% of inmates in canada qualify for ASPD, but only 15-30% qualify for psychopathy
35
2 scales of psychopathy
discrete/categorical: PCL-R classifies individuals into 2 classes, psychopath and non-psychopath Dimensional: psychopathy exists on a continuum of psychopathic traits (low-high)
36
Mad or Bad
meet legal and psychiatric standards of sanity - psychopathic persons are not psychotic or "crazy" - comorbidity with axis 1 disorders is rare - understand the law can be held accountable for their actions psychopaths know the difference between right and wrong, they just don't care
37
The Triarchic Model of Psychopathy (3)
- Disinhibition - Meanness - Boldness
38
Disinhibition (5)
- impulsiveness - weak restraint - hostility - mistrust - difficulty regulating emotion
39
Meanness (5)
- deficient empathy - lack of affiliative capacity - contempt toward others - predatory exploitativeness - empowerment through cruelty
40
Boldness (4)
- confidence - social assertiveness - emotional resiliency - venturesomeness
41
Cleckley's conceptualization (2)
- based on observation of psychiatric inpatients - emphasis on boldness and disinhibition
42
PCL-R conceptualization (2)
- based on correctional populations - emphasis on meanness and disinhibition
43
Diagnosis of psychopathy
- high disinhibition + high boldness = Insouciant-persuasive - high disinhibition + high meanness = callous-predatory expression - high disinhibition + high boldness + high meanness = insouciant-persuasive-callous-predatory expression
44
Models of psychopathy-psychopathic personality inventory (PPI) (3)
- fearless dominance - self-centered impulsivity - coldheartedness
45
Subtypes of Psychopathy
- primary psychopathy = real psychopathy - secondary psychopathy lacks key defining features, but shares some characteristics - both are important clinical constructs - each is defined by a distinct personality structure reflecting different etiological influences
46
Karpman (1941, 1948)
- first to propose that psychopathy was a heterogeneous syndrome - similar behaviourally, but differ in motivation
47
Idiopathic/primary psychopathy (4)
- fundamental affective deficit - motivated by pathological narcissism fueling parasitic exploitation - "cold" and calculated exploitation - thought to be virtually incurable
48
Symptomatic/secondary psychopathy (4)
- conscience fails to functions appropriately due to difficulties in the parent-child relationship or child maltreatment - associated with strong negative emotions - "hot", reactive, impulsive behaviour - amenable to treatment
49
Primary (6)
- low anxiety - low emotional distress - high narcissism - less responsive to treatment - larger neurobiological component - higher proportion in caucasian persons
50
secondary (6)
- characterized by high anxiety - emotional distress and mental health concerns - more responsive to treatment - higher proportion in ethnic minorities - greater aggression, delinquency, institutional infraction
51
Fearless temperament
Primary psychopathy - reduced autonomic response in a fear conditioning paradigm secondary psychopathy - intermediate between primary and control participants in fear conditioning - integration of fearless theory with neurobehavioral model of motivation
52
Biological Markers for Psychopathy
Amygdala dysfunction - reduced processing words of negative valence orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction (hypoarousal) - "acquired" psychopathy genetics - inherited other systems..Neurochemical correlates
53
Autonomic Underarousal
- Diminished startle reaction and skin conductance responses to aversive stimuli - likely contribute to these individuals being fearless sensation seekers
54
Lexical decision making task
non-psychopathic offenders: affective words processed more quickly than neutral words, and processed more quickly than psychopathic individuals
55
AUCs
Area Under the Curve - they range from 0.50-1.00 (chance accuracy-perfect accuracy) - indication of how accurately a measure can discriminate x from y - AUC = .75 (75% of the time randoms who reoffend will have a higher risk score on the risk tool)
56
HCR-20
HCR-20 prediction study - 193 patients coded on HCR-20, followed up an average 1.7yrs in the community - HCR-20 moderate to high predictive accuracy for a range of violent outcomes post release
57
The Macdonald Triad (3)
1. bedwetting/Enuresis - occuring after age of 5 and at least 2x/wk 2. animal cruelty - socially unacceptable behaviour causing pain/distress 3. fire setting - deliberate acts of setting fire that may result in conviction of arson
58
Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse
- often in an adult relationship - involves manipulation, secrecy, and a relationship of power - recidivism estimate 4-10% - 22% reported having other prior incest victims, and 59% reported having prior nonicest victims - only 33% reported no prior victims
59
Sex offenders risk assessment measures (3)
empirical actuarial - static empirical actuarial - dynamic structured professional judgment (SPJ)
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