Midterm

Question 1

factors that influence childrens growth and development

Answer 1

biological
cultural
familial

Question 2

growth

Answer 2

changes in body size and structures

Question 3

development

Answer 3

change in the body function

Question 4

factors that affect height

Answer 4

gender
height
nutrition
smoking
illness
birth order
psychological well-being

Question 5

growth rates

Answer 5

rapid first 1.5 yrs
slows between 2 and 6
levels from 6 to adolecense

Question 6

when growth patterns are abnormal, consider these factors:

Answer 6

genetics
social determaninats
nutrition intake
chronic illness
special health needs
gestational age

Question 7

concerns with growth

Answer 7

unusual growth patterns

flat lines

sharp inclines or declines

shifting away from 50 percentile

gradual inclines or declines

under 5 or above 95 percentile

Question 8

ossification

Answer 8

when cartliage harderns and creates bones

Question 9

factors affecting bone growth

Answer 9

caloric malnutrition

protien defiecent diets

high levels of sodium

low calcium

Question 10

define the basic development of the brain

Answer 10

proliferation
neural mitigation
synaptogenesis
synaptic pruning
mylenizatiom
hempsheric lateralization

Question 11

proliferation

Answer 11

the rapid creation of new cells, especially neurons, in the developing brain

1000 billion neurons by 28 weeks of gestation

Question 12

neural mitigation

Answer 12

cells migrate into position w/ the brain immediately after it is created

neurons not connected

completed by 7 months of gestation

Question 13

synaptogenesis

Answer 13

neurons extend their dendrites to connect w/ targeted axons

83% of dendritic growth occurs after birth

Question 14

synaptic pruning

Answer 14

use it or lose it

elimitiates stray synapses

Highly reactive ones receive more electric impulses and are stabilized

Question 15

myelinization

Answer 15

neurons coated w myelin

acts as an electrical insulator and enhances info by flow

Question 16

hemispheric lateralization

Answer 16

The idea that the two halves (hemispheres) of the brain have different special functions.

Question 17

left hemisphere of brain

Answer 17

right hand touch
speech
language
writing
logic
science
math
analysis

Question 18

right hemisphere of brain

Answer 18

left-hand touch
spatial construction
creativity
fantasy
music/art appreciation
intuition

Question 19

primitive brain

Answer 19

controls bodys automatic functions

we dont think about these functions
(breathing, heartbeat, blinking)

Question 20

midbrain

Answer 20

controls our fight, flight, freeze response

amygdala

stores old memories

processes emotions (limbic area)

Question 21

amygdala

Answer 21

emotions, survival instincts, memory

Question 22

cortext

Answer 22

divided into 4 parts

The front is the only place where thinking, problem-solving, and self-control happen

Question 23

frontal lobe

Answer 23

problem solving
creativity
personality

Question 24

temporal lobe

Answer 24

memories

Question 25

brain stem

Answer 25

basic life functions

Question 26

parietal lobe

Answer 26

visual functions reading understanding language

Question 27

cerrebellum

Answer 27

balance coordination motor learning

Question 28

early brain development depends on what factors?

Answer 28

genetics experience relationships health nutrition quality of relationships in first 3 years has long term impacts on brain wiring set foundation for development in every aspect Most development occurs naturally

Question 29

negative impacts that effect brain development

Answer 29

lack of critical early nurturing c chaotic and cognitively impoverished environments pervasive physical threat violence stress

Question 30

What do early relationships have permanent effects on?

Answer 30

brain development health mental health chronic health conditions school

Question 31

what happens when you are stressed?

Answer 31

The brain releases cortisol High levels of cortisol can slow brain development, causing social, motor, and cognitive delays

Question 32

positive experiences for building the young brain

Answer 32

tlc attention new experiences talking music unserstand child development balance simple activities read and respond to cues

Question 33

progressional growth

Answer 33

general pattern or stages most children go through as they grow and develop. walking crawling skipping rolling over skipping

Question 34

individual growth

Answer 34

Genetics (inherited traits from parents) Environmental factors (nutrition, health, home life, opportunities to play and learn)

Question 35

explain the connection between early brain development and later brain development

Answer 35

Early brain development builds the foundation of brain connections. Strong early growth supports learning, memory, and emotions later in life.

Question 36

what is attachment theory

Answer 36

A theory by Bowlby that explains how early relationships with caregivers form emotional bonds essential for a child’s security and development.

Question 37

Why is secure attachment important in the early years

Answer 37

It helps children feel safe, promotes healthy social skills, emotional regulation, and confidence to explore the world.

Question 38

How do play and exploration support cognitive and language development?

Answer 38

Play encourages problem-solving, symbolic thinking, and practice of communication skills in a natural context.

Question 39

define the purpose of the developmental continuum

Answer 39

ELECT’s developmental continuum helps educators and caregivers track children’s progress, plan appropriate activities, and promote healthy development across all areas (physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and language).

Question 40

What does ELECT stand for?

Answer 40

Early Learning for Every Child Today