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midterm Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Chronic multisystem disease caused by abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both.

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2
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by β cells that lowers blood glucose and promotes glucose transport.

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3
Q

β cells

A

Cells in the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin.

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4
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

Pancreatic cells responsible for hormone production including insulin.

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5
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Elevated blood glucose level.

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6
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood glucose level.

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7
Q

Type 1 DM

A

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells leading to little or no insulin production.

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8
Q

Autoimmune destruction

A

Immune system attacks and destroys β cells.

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9
Q

Immune mediated disease

A

Disease caused by immune response against body tissues.

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10
Q

Type 2 DM

A

Insulin resistance with decreased insulin secretion over time.

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11
Q

Insulin resistance

A

Body cells do not respond properly to insulin.

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12
Q

Obesity

A

Major risk factor causing adipose tissue resistance to insulin.

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13
Q

Heredity

A

Genetic predisposition to diabetes.

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14
Q

Multigravida with large babies

A

Risk factor for developing Type 2 DM.

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15
Q

Polyuria

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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16
Q

Polydipsia

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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17
Q

Polyphagia

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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18
Q

Warm flushed dry skin

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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19
Q

Tachycardia

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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20
Q

Nausea/Vomiting

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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21
Q

Abdominal pain

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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22
Q

Kussmaul’s breathing

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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23
Q

Fruity odor of breath

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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24
Q

Altered LOC

A

Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.

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25
Restlessness
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
26
Hunger pangs
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
27
Weakness
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
28
Tremors
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
29
Pallor
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
30
Diaphoresis
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
31
Cold clammy skin
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
32
Dizziness
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
33
Blurred vision
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
34
Slurred speech
Sign or symptom associated with abnormal blood glucose levels.
35
FBS
Fasting Blood Sugar test used to diagnose diabetes.
36
2-hour PPBS
Blood sugar test taken 2 hours after meal.
37
OGTT / GTT
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test used when results are borderline.
38
HbA1c
Glycosylated hemoglobin reflecting 3-4 months glucose control.
39
Rapid Acting Insulin
Clear insulin with fast onset and short duration.
40
Intermediate Acting Insulin
Cloudy insulin with moderate onset and duration.
41
Long Acting Insulin
Cloudy insulin with long duration of action.
42
Subcutaneous route
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
43
Rotate injection site
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
44
Do not massage site
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
45
Administer at room temperature
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
46
Gently roll vial
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
47
Do not shake vial
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
48
Lipodystrophy
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
49
Induration
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
50
Redness
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
51
Swelling
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
52
Edema
Important consideration in insulin administration or reaction.
53
Simple sugars per orem
First-line treatment for conscious hypoglycemic patient.
54
D50W IV push
IV treatment for severe hypoglycemia.
55
DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis caused by severe insulin deficiency.
56
NSS + regular insulin IV
Fluid and insulin therapy for hyperglycemia/DKA.
57
D10W
Given when serum sugar reaches 250 mg/dL during DKA management.
58
KCL slow IV drip
Potassium replacement once urine output adequate.
59
Patent airway
Priority intervention in severe hyperglycemia.
60
Oxygen therapy
Supportive management in DKA.
61
↓ caloric diet
Diet recommended for obese diabetic patients.
62
↑ fiber diet
Helps regulate blood glucose.
63
Complex carbohydrates
Preferred carbohydrate source.
64
Exercise 1–2 hours after meal
Prevents hypoglycemia during activity.
65
↓ insulin requirements
Effect of regular exercise.
66
Inspect the feet daily
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
67
Wash with warm water and mild soap
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
68
Pat dry do not rub
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
69
Wear properly-fitted shoes
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
70
Use white cotton socks
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
71
Do not go barefooted
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
72
Trim toenails straight across
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
73
Apply lotion not interdigital spaces
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
74
Consult podiatrist
Foot care instruction to prevent complications.
75
Reinforcement Concept 75
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
76
Reinforcement Concept 76
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
77
Reinforcement Concept 77
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
78
Reinforcement Concept 78
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
79
Reinforcement Concept 79
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
80
Reinforcement Concept 80
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
81
Reinforcement Concept 81
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
82
Reinforcement Concept 82
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
83
Reinforcement Concept 83
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
84
Reinforcement Concept 84
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
85
Reinforcement Concept 85
Review core principles of diabetes management including monitoring, medication, diet, and complication prevention.
Ms
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