Midterm

Question 1

What is the pink structure?

Answer 1

intercondylar eminence

Question 2

What are the roentgen signs?

Answer 2

size, shape, opacity, number, position, margination

Question 3

Label the following colored structures

Answer 3

blue: smooth trochlear groove

pink: infrapatellar fat pad

red: patellar ligament

green: fascial planes

orange: femoral condyles

Question 4

What pathology is going on here?

Answer 4

purple: osseous proliferation

red: patellar ligament angle change

pink: soft tissue opacity increase - cranial aspect of joint

green: lost fascial planes

Question 5

Label the structures

Answer 5

A = patella
B = distal femur
C = fabellae
D = tibia
E = fibula

Question 6

Label the structures

Answer 6

A = patellar tendon
B = menisci
C = infrapatellar fat pad
D = gastrocnemius m.
E = popliteal lymph node

Question 7

Which bones contribute to the canine stifle joint?

Answer 7

femur, fabellae, patella, tibia

Question 8

Which letter is the origin of the cranial cruciate ligament?

Answer 8

A

Question 9

Identify the structures

Answer 9

A = distal femur
B = lateral fabella
C = patella
D = medial fabella
E = lateral femoral condyle
F = medial femoral condyle
G = intercondylar eminence
H = head of the fibula
I = tibia crest
J = tibia

Question 10

When soft tissue opacity is causing displacement of the infrapatellar fat pad, what could that soft tissue opacity be?

Answer 10

joint effusion, blood, synovial proliferation

Question 11

Letter A is positioned over what structure?

Answer 11

superimposed lower incisors

Question 12

Letter C is pointing to what bone (where the upper incisors live)?

Answer 12

premaxilla, or incisive

Question 13

What factors must be present in order to classify an osseous lesion aggressive?

Answer 13

• cortical destruction with a short zone of transition
• long zone of transition with a lamellar periosteal reaction
• cortical disruption, a long zone of transition, and an irregular periosteal reaction

^ aggressive if it has at least one of these

Question 14

T/F: If a lesion does not have any characteristics of aggressiveness, it is likely that the lesion is not biologically aggressive.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

Identify the labeled anatomic structures

Answer 15

A = first premolar
B = interalveolar space
C = 403
D = 401
E = 302

Question 16

Identify the labeled anatomic structures

Answer 16

A = upper premolars
B = lower premolars
C = palatine bone
D = superimposed upper incisors
E = superimposed lower incisors

Question 17

What are the types of periosteal reactions?

Answer 17

• lamellar
• solid, undulating, wavy
• solid, thick
• etc

Question 18

How do you describe displacement of a fracture in relation to the proximal and distal fragment?

Answer 18

describe the distal fragment in relation to the proximal fragment

Question 19

Identify the labeled structures

Answer 19

A = femur
B = patella
C = fibula
D = tibia

Question 20

Identify the labeled structures

Answer 20

A = femur
B = patella
C = tibia

Question 21

What type of fracture is this?

Answer 21

transverse

Question 22

What type of fracture is this?

Answer 22

short oblique

Question 23

What type of fracture is this?

Answer 23

long oblique

Question 24

What is the most commonly fractured bone in small animal patients?

Answer 24

femur

Question 25

What characteristics are used to describe a fracture?

Answer 25

- complete vs incomplete - location - direction - # of fracture lines - open vs closed - displacement

Question 26

Identify the labeled structures

Answer 26

A = trachea B = carina C = right atrium D = left atrium E = right ventricle F = left ventricle G = caudal vena cava H = aorta I = right crus of the diaphragm J = left crus of the diaphragm

Question 27

Define the structures

Answer 27

white arrows: caudal lobar pulmonary artery black arrows: caudal lobar pulmonary vein in between: caudal lobar bronchus

Question 28

How do you characterize the mediastinum on radiographs?

Answer 28

cranial: lymph nodes (sternal, cranial mediastinal), thymus, trachea, esophagus middle: esophagus, carina, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, cardiac silhouette caudal: esophagus, aorta, caudal vena cava

Question 29

What is this?

Answer 29

pleural space

Question 30

What is this?

Answer 30

pulmonary parenchyma

Question 31

What things do you evaluate in the thoracic cavity on radiographs?

Answer 31

pulmonary parenchyma, cardiac silhouette, other mediastinal structures, pulmonary vasculature, pleural space, extra-thoracic structures

Question 32

What two Roentgen signs are important when evaluating the abnormal image?

Answer 32

size, shape

Question 33

Identify the labeled structures

Answer 33

A = right atrium B = left atrium C = right ventricle D = left ventricle

Question 34

Identify the structures

Answer 34

A = right ventricle B = main pulmonary artery C = right before the MPA branches into the caudal lobar vessels

Question 35

Identify the labeled structures

Answer 35

A = left atrium B = left ventricle C = ascending aorta D = aortic arch E = descending aorta

Question 36

What is the dotted circle and dotted line?

Answer 36

dotted circle: left atrium dotted line: aorta

Question 37

What structures live from 12 o'clock to 6 o'clock?

Answer 37

12 o'clock: aortic arch 1-2 o'clock: main pulmonary artery 3 o'clock: left auricle 3-6 o'clock: left ventricle

Question 38

What structures live from 6 o'clock to 11 o'clock?

Answer 38

6-9 o'clock: right ventricle 9-11 o'clock: right atrium

Question 39

What is the main reason the left atrium becomes enlarged with mitral valve disease?

Answer 39

volume overload

Question 40

Identify the labeled structures

Answer 40

A = cranial lobar artery B = caudal lobar vein C = enlarged left atrium D = caudal vena cava

Question 41

What is the orange circled area?

Answer 41

compressed mainstem bronchi

Question 42

What does this outline?

Answer 42

extra-thoracic structures

Question 43

What is going on here?

Answer 43

cardogenic pulmonary edema

Question 44

What does an interstitial pattern mean?

Answer 44

fluid or cells are in the interstitium

Question 45

What does an alveolar pattern mean?

Answer 45

fluid or cells in the alveoli

Question 46

What does a bronchial pattern mean?

Answer 46

fluid or cells in or associated with the airway walls

Question 47

On the VD view, where do all of the lung lobes live?

Answer 47

Question 48

On the lateral views, where do all of the lung lobes live?

Answer 48